Slope production method - Keisha Seisan Houshiki

Japanese: 傾斜生産方式 - けいしゃせいさんほうしき
Slope production method - Keisha Seisan Houshiki

A prioritized production policy adopted to rebuild the Japanese economy after the end of World War II. In response to the catastrophic state of the Japanese economy following its defeat in 1945 (Showa 20), the government, by cabinet decision on December 24, 1946, prioritized the allocation of materials, capital, and labor to the core industrial sectors of coal and steel, with the aim of using these as the basis for putting the reproduction of monopoly capitalism in postwar Japan on track. In the words of Arisawa Hiromi, proponent of this "Plan for Ultra-Priority Increase in Coal and Steel Production," the plan "aimed to focus all economic policies on the production of coal, the only basic material at our disposal," and set a coal production target of 30 million tons for fiscal 1947, while at the same time focusing on the input of imported heavy oil and coal into the steel sector, and the steel produced there would be focused on the coal sector, while conversely redirecting the increased coal production there into the steel sector, thus achieving a kind of circular expansion and reproduction of iron and coal. In the midst of the critical living conditions of the time, coal miners were provided with additional food and clothing, and the Reconstruction Finance Bank also provided focused loans to concentrate the input of labor and funds.

The Katayama Tetsu Cabinet, which was formed in May 1947, also designated food production and the export sector as key industries. Due to a shift in occupation policy, this priority production approach began to take effect around 1948, and the import of iron ore and coking coal from January of that year was particularly significant. The Temporary Coal Mining Control Law is said to be an extension of this priority production method.

[Kato Kozaburo]

"Hiromi Arisawa (ed.), Lectures on Modern Japanese Industry 1 (1959, Iwanami Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

第二次世界大戦終結後、日本経済の立て直しのためにとられた重点主義的な生産政策。1945年(昭和20)の敗戦後の日本経済の破局的状態に対し、翌46年12月24日の閣議決定により、政府は石炭・鉄鋼の基幹産業部門に、資材・資金・労働力を重点的に配分し、それを基軸にして、戦後日本における独占資本主義の再生産を軌道にのせようとした。この「石炭・鉄鋼超重点増産計画」の提唱者たる有沢広巳(ありさわひろみ)のことばによれば、「われわれの処置しうる唯一の基礎的素材たる石炭の生産に向かって、すべての経済政策を集中的に傾斜せしめよう」とするもので、47年度の石炭生産目標を3000万トンに置き、一方で輸入重油と石炭を鉄鋼部門に重点的に投入、そこで生産された鋼材を石炭部門に集中的に投入し、他方、逆にそこで増産された石炭を鉄鋼部門に振り向け、いわば鉄と石炭の循環的拡大再生産を図ろうとした。当時の危機的な生活条件のなかで、炭鉱労働者には食料・衣料の加配、さらに復興金融金庫による重点融資によって、労働力・資金の集中投入も図られた。

 1947年5月に成立した片山哲内閣は、新たに食糧生産と輸出部門をも重点産業とした。占領政策の転換もあって、この傾斜生産は48年ごろから実効を示し始め、とくに同年1月からの鉄鉱石と粘結炭との輸入は決定的意義をもった。なお臨時石炭鉱業管理法はこの傾斜生産方式の発展したものといわれる。

[加藤幸三郎]

『有沢広巳編『現代日本産業講座1』(1959・岩波書店)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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