Dodan (English spelling) tu-duan; t`u-tuan

Japanese: 土断 - どだん（英語表記）tu-duan; t`u-tuan

The household registration system was implemented in China from the Eastern Jin Dynasty (→ Jin Dynasty) to the Southern Dynasties (→ Northern and Southern Dynasties). Each dynasty in China established household registrations because placing refugees in the household registration of the land where they lived allowed the state to keep track of the people and increased the state's income, but it was the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties that first implemented this under the name of "Tudan". During the Eastern Jin period, the household registration of indigenous people was called the Yellow Register, while people who had migrated from northern China were given a separate household registration (the White Register) as a special political consideration and were exempt from labor. This caused many political and financial obstacles, so from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Southern Dynasties, the policy of Tudan was often implemented, which sought to unify household registrations under the Yellow Register by abolishing the White Register.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，東晋 (→晋) から南朝 (→南北朝) にかけて行われた戸籍整備法。流民を生活の本拠である土地の戸籍につけることで，国家は人民を把握できるし，国家の収入が増加するので，中国の各王朝は戸籍を整備してきたが，「土断」の名でそれを行なったのは東晋，南朝が初めである。東晋時代は，土着の民の戸籍が黄籍と呼ばれたのに対し，華北から流寓した民は特別な政治的配慮から別の戸籍 (白籍) につけられ，力役を免除された。これは政治・財政上多くの障害をもたらしたので，東晋から南朝にかけて，しばしば白籍を廃して黄籍により戸籍を統一しようとする土断政策が行われた。

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