A general term for molecules with unpaired electrons. Also called radicals. When there are two unpaired electrons, they are sometimes called biradicals. Since M. Gomberg discovered the free radical triphenylmethyl in 1900, it has become clear that various free radicals are generated as intermediates in chemical reactions, photolysis, and radiolysis. Because they have unpaired electrons, they have magnetic properties due to the electron spin, and their structures have been studied in detail, especially by ESR (electron spin resonance). DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), which can be treated in the same way as a normal compound, is often used as a standard substance for ESR, but it is a stable free radical. Free radicals are generally highly reactive and unstable, so methods such as flash photolysis, pulse radiolysis, and rigid solvent methods have been developed to observe them. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
不対電子をもつ分子の総称.ラジカルともいう.不対電子を2個もつときはビラジカルということもある.1900年にM. Gombergが遊離基であるトリフェニルメチルを見いだして以来,化学反応,光分解反応,放射線分解反応の中間体として各種の遊離基が生成していることが明らかになった.不対電子をもっているため電子スピンによる磁気的性質があり,とくにESR(電子スピン共鳴)によってその構造についても詳しく研究されるようになった.ESRの標準物質として,しばしば通常の化合物と同じように扱えるDPPH(2,2-ジフェニル-1-ピクリルヒドラジル)が用いられるが,これは安定な遊離基である.遊離基は一般に反応性が高く不安定なので,これを観測する手段として,せん光光分解法,パルス放射線分解法,剛性溶媒法などが開発されている. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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