Originally used in contrast to allergy or hypersensitivity, the term anergy is now used to refer to a state of reduced or no response in cellular immunity (delayed-type allergy). One example is when a person who had a positive tuberculin reaction has a weakened or negative reaction when they contract measles. This type of reduced cellular immune response is seen in measles, sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's disease, terminal cancer, severe tuberculosis, and other conditions. Humans have acquired cellular immunity to antigens from certain pathogens that they have been infected with, so they can be tested by intradermal reactions to streptococcal antigens, parotid virus, trichophyton (tinea japonicus vaccine), and other substances in addition to tuberculin. Chemical substances such as DNCB (dinitro chlorobenzene), which have cellular immune sensitizing properties, can also be used. [Shozo Takahashi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
元来はアレルギーまたは過敏性と対比することばとして用いられたが、現在は細胞性免疫(遅延型アレルギー)の反応性の低下または無反応状態をさしてアネルギーの語が用いられる。ツベルクリン反応陽性であったものが麻疹(ましん)(はしか)にかかると反応が減弱または陰性化するのはその一例である。このような細胞性免疫反応の低下は、麻疹のほかサルコイドーシス、ホジキン病、末期癌(がん)、重症結核などでみられる。ヒトは感染したことのある、ある種の病原体の抗原に対しては細胞性免疫を獲得しているので、ツベルクリンのほか連鎖球菌抗原、耳下腺(せん)ウイルス、トリコフィチン(白癬(はくせん)菌ワクチン)などの皮内反応でテストすることもできる。細胞性免疫感作性のあるDNCB(dinitro chlorobenzene)などの化学物質も利用できる。 [高橋昭三] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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