Matsudaira Norimura

Japanese: 松平乗邑 - まつだいら・のりさと

Year of death: 16th April 1746 (4th June 1746)
Year of birth: 1686
A feudal lord in the mid-Edo period and a senior councilor in the latter half of the Kyoho Reforms. Born into the Ogure Matsudaira family, a hereditary member of the Tokugawa clan. The son of Noriharu and the daughter of Okudaira Masayoshi. In 1690 (Genroku 3), he inherited a fief of 60,000 koku and became the lord of Karatsu Domain in Hizen Province. He was subsequently transferred to Toba Domain in Shima Province, Kameyama Domain in Ise Province, and Yodo Domain in Yamashiro Province. In 1722 (Kyoho 7), he was appointed lord of Osaka Castle and took the name Sakon no Shogen. In 1725, he became a senior councilor and was transferred to Sakura Domain in Shimousa Province (Sakura City, Chiba Prefecture). He subsequently oversaw various ceremonies and rites, such as the release of the falconry of Shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune in 1738, the visit to Nikko in 1739, and the marriage of the Shogun's adopted daughter Takehime in 1740. In 1737, he became the Shogunate's Chief Advisor for Agriculture and Finance, the highest position in charge of agricultural finance, and led Kamio Haruo, Horie Yoshiki, and a group of agricultural and financial bureaucrats known as the "new daikan," to work on rebuilding the Shogunate's finances. As a result, in 1744, the amount of tax collected reached its highest level during the Kyoho Reforms. However, the following year, Norimura was suddenly dismissed from his position as Chief Advisor for Agriculture and Finance, and ordered to live in seclusion in his Hatchobori residence. The direct reason for this is said to be his monopoly within the Shogunate, but it cannot be overlooked that in the background to this was the strong opposition and criticism from various classes, including the Imperial Court, daimyo, hatamoto, townspeople, and farmers, against Norimura's aggressive tax increase policy at the end of the Kyoho Reforms. <References> Oishi Manabu, "The Historical Character of the Matsudaira Norimura System" (Tokugawa Forestry History Research Institute, Research Bulletin, 1981)

(Oishi Manabu)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：延享3.4.16(1746.6.4)
生年：貞享3(1686)
江戸中期の大名,享保の改革後半期の老中。徳川家譜代の大給松平家に生まれる。乗春と奥平昌能の娘の子。元禄3(1690)年遺領6万石を継ぎ,肥前国唐津藩主となる。その後,志摩国鳥羽藩,伊勢国亀山藩,山城国淀藩,と移封を繰り返す。また,享保7(1722)年大坂城代に就任し,左近将監を名乗る。同8年老中となり,下総国佐倉藩(千葉県佐倉市)に移される。そののち同11年の将軍徳川吉宗の放鷹や13年の日光社参,14年の将軍養女竹姫の婚姻といった諸儀式,儀礼を指揮した。元文2(1737)年幕府の農財政の最高責任者である勝手掛老中となり,神尾春央,堀江芳極および「新代官」と呼ばれる農財政官僚群を率いて幕府財政の再建に取り組む。この結果,延享1(1744)年には,享保の改革期における年貢徴収量の最高値をみた。しかし乗邑は翌2年突然勝手掛老中を罷免され,八丁堀の邸宅に蟄居を命じられた。この直接の理由として,幕閣内で彼が専権をふるったことが指摘されているが,その背景に享保改革末期の乗邑の強引な年貢増徴政策に対する朝廷,大名,旗本,町人,農民など諸階層の強い反発や批判があったことは見逃せない。<参考文献>大石学「松平乗邑体制の歴史的性格」(徳川林政史研究所『研究紀要』1981年)

(大石学)

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