A list of names, addresses, sex, dates of birth, etc. of eligible voters. To determine the number of voters in advance and prevent fraudulent voting, it is necessary to officially recognize those eligible to vote, and it is prepared by the city (including special ward) town/village election management committee. Previously, it was fixed for one year, but in 1966 (Showa 41), it was amended to a card-type list that was "fixed forever" (permanent voter list). It is a single list for all elections stipulated by the Public Offices Election Law (Article 19, Paragraph 1 of the same law), and is organized by voting district. Registration on the list is done by the city/town/village election management committee every March, June, September, December, and when elections are held for Japanese nationals aged 20 or older who have an address in the city/town/village and have been recorded in the Basic Resident Register for at least three months since the date of creation of their resident registration. The voter register is made available for public inspection at city halls, town halls, etc. for a certain period of time, and anyone who is dissatisfied with their registration may lodge an objection with the city, town, or village election management committee within that period. Since elections under the Public Offices Election Act are governed by this register, if you are not registered on the register, you cannot vote unless you bring a written decision or a final court decision to the effect that you will be registered (Article 42, Paragraph 1 of the Public Offices Election Act). In 1998, an overseas voting system was established to allow Japanese living overseas to vote, and an overseas voter list was created. Registration on the overseas voter list is by application from those who are 20 years of age or older and have lived within the jurisdiction of the overseas diplomatic mission that has jurisdiction over the person's address for at least three months. Overseas voters are registered on the overseas voter list of the city, town, or village where they had their last address in Japan (or their permanent domicile if they left Japan before April 30, 1994). [Masaaki Ikeda] The Act to Partially Amend the Public Offices Election Act (Act No. 43 of 2015), enacted in June 2015, changed the voting age for public office elections from 20 years old to 18 years old. The revised law went into effect on June 19, 2016. [Editorial Department] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
選挙権者すなわち選挙人の氏名、住所、性別、生年月日などを登録した名簿。あらかじめ選挙人の数を確定し、不正な投票を防止するため、選挙権を有するものを公認する必要があり、市(特別区を含む)町村選挙管理委員会が作成する。従来は一か年据置き制をとっていたが、1966年(昭和41)に改正されてカード式名簿となり、「永久に据えおくもの」(永久選挙人名簿)とされた。公職選挙法の定めるすべての選挙を通じて一つの名簿とされ(同法19条1項)、投票区ごとに編成される。名簿への登録は、市町村選挙管理委員会が、当該市町村に住所を有する年齢満20年以上の日本国民で、住民票が作成された日から3か月以上住民基本台帳に記録されている者について、毎年3、6、9、12月および選挙を行う場合になされる。選挙人名簿は一定期間、市役所、町村役場などで縦覧に供され、登録に不服のある者はその期間内に市町村選挙管理委員会に異議を申し出る。公職選挙法の選挙はこの名簿によるから、名簿に登録されていないと、登録される旨の決定書または確定判決書を持参しない限り、投票することができない(同法42条1項)。 また、1998年(平成10)には海外に居住する日本人が投票を行うための在外選挙制度が成立し、在外選挙人名簿が作成されることになった。在外選挙人名簿への登録は、年齢満20年以上で、その者の住所を管轄する在外公館の管轄区域内に3か月以上住所を有する者の申請の手続きによる。在外選挙人は、日本国内の最終住所地(1994年4月30日以前に出国した場合は本籍地)の市区町村の在外選挙人名簿に登録される。 [池田政章] 2015年(平成27)6月に成立した「公職選挙法等の一部を改正する法律」(平成27年法律第43号)により、公職の選挙の選挙権を有する者の年齢について、満20年以上から満18年以上に改められた。改正法の施行は2016年6月19日。 [編集部] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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