The first Egyptian dynasty (868-905) to gain independence from the Abbasid Caliphate. Ruled over Egypt and Syria. Its capital was Fustat. It was founded by Ahmad ibn Tulun (r. 868-884), whose father was a Turkish slave from Fergana. Having gained power at the caliph's court, Ahmad was sent to Egypt as viceroy in 868 and immediately sought independence, but nominally recognized the suzerainty of the Abbasid caliphate and was content with the title of amir. He maintained a slave army of Turks, Greeks, and Nubians to rule Egypt and Syria, and built a powerful navy. Ahmad built a new capital, Qata'i, adjacent to Fustat, and also began agricultural development in Egypt, building a new miqyas (water level gauge) on Roda Island in the lower Nile. His successor, Khomarawayh (reigned 884-896), continued to maintain friendly relations with the Abbasid Caliphate and was granted sovereignty over Egypt and Syria in exchange for a tribute of 300,000 dinars. However, during the fifth generation, Shayban (905), he was unable to suppress the activities of the Qarmatians in Syria and allowed the caliph's forces to be sent to conquer Syria and then Fustat, and the dynasty was again absorbed into the Abbasid Caliphate. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
エジプトでアッバース朝から独立した最初の王朝 (868~905) 。エジプトおよびシリアを支配。首都はフスタート。建設者はアフマド・イブン・トゥールーン (在位 868~884) で,父はフェルガーナ出身のトルコ人奴隷であった。カリフの宮廷で勢力を得たアフマドは,868年副総督としてエジプトに派遣されると,ただちに自立をはかったが,名目上はアッバース朝カリフの宗主権を認め,またアミールという称号に甘んじていた。彼はエジプト,シリアを支配するためにトルコ人,ギリシア人,ヌビア人から成る奴隷軍団を保持し,強力な海軍も建設した。アフマドはフスタートに接して新都カターイーを造営するかたわら,エジプトの農業開発にも着手し,ナイル下流のローダ島にミクヤース (水位計) を新造した。彼を継いだホマーラワイフ (在位 884~896) は引続きアッバース朝との友好関係を維持し,30万ディナールの貢納金と引替えにエジプト,シリアの支配権を認められた。しかし5代のシャイバーンのとき (905) ,シリアのカルマト派の活動を押えることができなかったために,カリフ軍の派遣を許し,シリアに続いてフスタートが征服され,王朝は再びアッバース朝に吸収された。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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