The Imperial College

An office in the central government of old China that was responsible for the administration of the highest educational institution. During the Han dynasty, there was a Taixue in the capital, and after the Six Dynasties, a Guozixue was established to educate the children of the nobility, but the Guozijian was first established during the Sui dynasty. During the Tang dynasty, the Guozijian had officials such as the Chief Jishu and the Vice Minister Sigyo, and they were in charge of the Taixue and Guozixue. During the Song dynasty, the Guozijian was primarily responsible for the Taixue, and its instructors were sometimes called Guozijian direct lecturers and sometimes Guozijian doctors. During the Yuan dynasty, there was a Guozixue under the Guozijian, and during the Ming dynasty, this was renamed Guoxue. During the Qing Dynasty, the Imperial College was responsible for national studies, official studies, and mathematics, and students were divided into Gongsheng, Kansei, and students. Students could take the school's exam to enter the government, but passing the imperial examination was a quicker way to advance in the ranks. There were almost no classes held at the school, and they only held Confucius festivals and occasional formal lectures.

[Miyazaki City]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

旧中国の中央政府で最高学府行政をつかさどった役所。漢代には都に太学(たいがく)があり、六朝(りくちょう)以後は貴族子弟を教育するために国子学を置いたが、隋(ずい)代に初めて国子監を設けた。唐代は国子監に長官の祭酒(さいしゅ)、次官の司業(しぎょう)以下の官があり、太学、国子学などを管轄した。宋(そう)代には国子監がつかさどるのは太学を主とし、その教官を、ときに国子直講(ちょっこう)、ときに太学博士(はかせ)と称した。元代には国子監の下に国子学があり、明(みん)代にこれを国学と改めた。清(しん)代には国子監は国学、官学、算学などを管轄し、ここに学ぶ者に貢生(こうせい)、監生(かんせい)、学生などの別があり、学校の試験を受けて官途につく道が開けていたが、科挙によるほうが栄達が早かった。学校では授業を行うことはほとんどなく、孔子の祭典や、まれに形式的な講義を行うにとどまった。

［宮崎市定］

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