German ethnologist and social anthropologist. Born in Vienna on September 18th. After receiving legal training in Bosnia to train civil servants, he decided to study ethnology. He became an assistant at the Berlin Ethnological Museum (1901), transferred to the University of Halle (1919), and became a professor at the Free University of Berlin after 1924. He conducted research in Oceania, including Solomon Islands, Bismarck, and New Guinea, as well as Tanzania. While adopting a functionalist stance, he distinguished himself from contemporary British social anthropology, and considered the interrelationships between social organization, economy, and technology, and social change under the colonial system from the perspectives of evolutionism and historicism. Due to its comprehensive nature, the results of his research are difficult to evaluate accurately, but today he is considered important as the founder of German social anthropology. He died in Berlin on January 19th. A brief biography by R. H. Lowy, " Richard Thurnwald 1869-1954 ," is easy to use. [Akira Sasaki December 13, 2018] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの民族学・社会人類学者。9月18日ウィーンに生まれた。ボスニアで官吏養成用の法学教育を受けた後に民族学研究を志し、ベルリン民族学博物館助手になり(1901)、ハレ大学に移り(1919)、1924年以後ベルリン(自由)大学教授となった。ソロモン、ビスマーク、ニューギニアなどオセアニア各地のほかにタンザニアでも調査した。機能主義的立場をとりながら、同時代のイギリス社会人類学とは一線を画し、社会組織・経済・技術の相互関係、植民地体制下の社会変化を進化主義・歴史主義的側面から考察した。総合的性格ゆえに研究成果は正確に評価されにくかったが、今日ではドイツ社会人類学の創始者として重要視されている。1月19日ベルリンで没。R・H・ローウィによる略伝『Richard Thurnwald 1869-1954』が利用しやすい。 [佐々木明 2018年12月13日] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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