The difference in potential between two points, or the potential of a point relative to the potential of another point. In the former case, two points are specified, for example, "the voltage across a resistor." When it is clear that the two points are output terminals, such as in a generator or battery, it can also be called "the generator voltage" or "the battery voltage." In the latter case, the potential of each part of a circuit relative to the chassis (the box that contains the equipment) in electronic equipment is sometimes called voltage. The action that generates voltage is called electromotive force. Also, applying a potential difference to an electric circuit or object is called "applying voltage." When it takes 1 joule of energy to move 1 coulomb of charge between two points, the voltage between these two points is defined as 1 volt. Note that the magnitude of AC voltage is constantly changing, so the average of the square of the instantaneous value of the voltage over one period is usually taken, and the square root of this value is called the voltage. This is called the effective value. [Madashi Fuse and Masazumi Yoshizawa] [Reference] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
2点間の電位の差、または、ある点の電位を基準とした他の点の電位。前者の場合は2点を指定して、たとえば「抵抗の両端の電圧」のようにいう。発電機や電池などのように、2点が出力端子であることがはっきりしているときには、「発電機の電圧」「電池の電圧」などということもある。後者の例としては、エレクトロニクス機器などで、シャーシ(筐体(きょうたい)。機器類を収めた箱)を基準とした回路各部の電位を電圧ということもある。電圧を生じる元となる作用は起電力とよばれる。また、電気回路や物体に電位差を与えることを、「電圧を加える」という。2点間を1クーロンの電荷を動かすのに1ジュールのエネルギーを要するとき、この2点間の電圧を1ボルトと定めてある。なお交流電圧は、大きさが絶えず変化しているので、通常、電圧の瞬時値の2乗の1周期間の平均をとり、この平方根の値を電圧とよぶ。これを実効値という。 [布施 正・吉澤昌純] [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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