In medicine, it is called insulin. It is a peptide hormone secreted from the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas of vertebrates. In 1921, Canadian physicist Banting, with the help of MacLeod and Best, succeeded in extracting insulin from the pancreas of a dog for the first time. The order of all amino acid bonds was determined by F. Sanger, but the specific bond residues in the chain differ depending on the species. Insulin secretion is controlled by the glucose concentration in the blood, and as blood glucose levels rise, the amount secreted increases and blood glucose levels fall. It is involved in the regulation of various metabolic processes, promoting the oxidation of glucose in tissues, its conversion to glycogen and fat, and protein biosynthesis. Insulin acts through specific binding to insulin receptors on the cell membrane of target cells. It is used to treat diabetes and as a shock therapy for schizophrenia. → Related topics Adrenaline | Insulinoma | Sanger | Artificial islet | Pancreas | Hypoglycemia | Banting | Hormone therapy | MacLeod Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
医学ではインスリンという。脊椎動物の膵臓(すいぞう)内にあるランゲルハンス島より分泌されるペプチドホルモン。1921年,カナダのバンティングがマクラウドとベストの協力を得て犬の膵臓からはじめてインシュリンの抽出に成功した。全アミノ酸の結合順序はF.サンガーにより決定されたが,種により鎖中の特定個所の結合残基が異なる。インシュリンの分泌は血液中のグルコース濃度に支配され,血糖値が上昇すると分泌量が増え,血糖値は下がる。様々な物質代謝の調節にかかわり,組織におけるグルコースの酸化やそのグリコーゲン,脂肪への転換やタンパク質生合成を促進する。インシュリンの作用は標的となる細胞の細胞膜にあるインシュリン受容体との特異的な結合を通じて起きる。糖尿病の治療に用いられており,また統合失調症(精神分裂病)のショック療法剤として使用される。 →関連項目アドレナリン|インシュリノーマ|サンガー|人工膵島|膵臓|低血糖症|バンティング|ホルモン療法|マクラウド 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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