Condottiere (English spelling) Italian

Japanese: コンドッティエーレ - こんどってぃえーれ（英語表記）condottiere イタリア語

Derived from the Latin conducere, meaning to command or hire, this is an Italian word referring to a mercenary captain who has signed a mercenary contract. Contracts that stipulated the number of soldiers to be hired, the period and obligations of service, and payment methods began to be drawn up around the mid-13th century. As cities prospered, the wealthy who had made up the core of the citizen militia paid their military service fees and left the military, and mercenaries were brought in to fill the gap. The number of unemployed knights increased when the Crusades died down and the Hundred Years' War ended, and they were deployed in the midst of the conflicts between Italian nobles, princes, and city-states for the Pope, Emperor, and the House of Angevin's strategies for Italian domination. They also increased in number due to the improvement and specialization of military technology such as lancers and crossbowmen.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

〈指揮する〉または〈雇う〉を意味するラテン語conducereに由来し，〈傭兵契約condotta〉を結んだ者＝傭兵隊長を示すイタリア語。請負兵員数，奉仕の期間と義務，支払方法等を定めた契約が，13世紀中頃から作成され始める。都市の繁栄とともに市民軍の中核を占めた富裕層が，軍役代納金を払って軍隊から離脱し，その穴埋めに傭兵が導入される。十字軍熱の後退や百年戦争終結で生じた失業騎士の群が，教皇，皇帝，アンジュー家などのイタリア経略のために，イタリアの貴族･君主･都市国家間の争乱状態の中に投入されたことや，槍騎兵や石弓隊などの軍事技術の改良と専門化を契機に，その数を増大させた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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