Also known as horse-drawn carriages, these are a form of transportation using horse-drawn carriages that run on tracks. They first appeared in New York in 1836 as a form of urban transportation, and spread to cities around the world, including Paris in 1854, London in 1861, and Berlin in 1865. In Japan, the Tokyo Horse-Carriage Railway Company opened the Shinbashi-Nihonbashi section in June 1882 (Meiji 15), followed by the Nihonbashi-Ueno-Asakusa-Asakusabashi-Nihonbashi section in October. The carriages were a mix of British and Japanese, with two horses pulling each carriage, carrying 24-28 passengers, on a 4-foot 6-inch (1,372 mm) wide track. Considered much more comfortable than a stagecoach, the Tokyo Horse-Carriage Railway spread throughout the country, opening in Osaka in 1891 and in Hakodate in 1898. However, imitating Kyoto's streetcars, the Tokyo Horse-Carriage Railway also changed to an electric train in Tokyo in 1903 (Meiji 36), which later became the basis for the city tram and toden. Horse-carriage trains were gradually replaced by electric trains and gasoline cars in regional cities, and had almost disappeared before World War I, although in some regions they continued until the beginning of the Showa period. [Mami Yamauchi] Japan's first horse-drawn railway opened in 1882 (Meiji 15). The first private railway in Japan, the Tokyo Horse-Drawn Railway, operated six horse-drawn carriages between Shinbashi and Nihonbashi. The fare was 3 sen for first-class and 2 sen for second-class. The photo shows the area around Kyobashi, lined with brick buildings. Utagawa Hiroshige (III) painting "Railway Horse-Drawn Round Trip from Kyobashi Brick Building to Bamboo Riverbank" Triptych 1882 (Meiji 15) National Diet Library Railway carriage Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
馬車鉄道ともいい、軌道上を走る馬車の輸送機関。1836年ニューヨークで市内交通機関として現れ、1854年にパリ、1861年にロンドン、1865年にベルリンと、世界の各都市に広まった。 日本では、1882年(明治15)6月、東京馬車鉄道会社により新橋―日本橋間に開通し、続いて10月には日本橋―上野―浅草―浅草橋―日本橋間が開通した。車両はイギリス製と日本製とを混用しており、4フィート6インチ(1372ミリメートル)幅の軌道上を、定員24~28名の客車1両を2頭の馬が牽引(けんいん)した。乗合馬車に比べてたいへん快適とされ、その後全国各地に広まり、1891年に大阪、1898年には函館(はこだて)でも開通した。しかし、京都の市街電車をまねて東京でも1903年(明治36)東京馬車鉄道は電車に変わり、後の市電、都電の基礎となった。地方都市でもしだいに鉄道馬車は電車やガソリンカーにかわり、第一次世界大戦前にはほぼ姿を消したが、地方によっては昭和の初めまで残っていた。 [山内まみ] 1882年(明治15)に開通した日本初の鉄道馬車。日本の私鉄第一号である東京馬車鉄道が、新橋―日本橋間を馬車6両で運行した。運賃は上等3銭、下等2銭であった。写真はれんが造の建物が並ぶ京橋付近を描いたもの。歌川広重(3世)画『鉄道馬車往復京橋煉瓦造ヨリ竹河岸図』 三枚続 1882年(明治15)国立国会図書館所蔵"> 鉄道馬車 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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