Railway business

Japanese: 鉄道事業 - てつどうじぎょう

This refers to businesses that transport passengers and freight by rail, excluding those that are laid on roads (legally referred to as "railroad tracks," which includes streetcars, etc.). There are JR and private railways, and both are regulated by the Railway Business Act (established in 1986). Of these, businesses that own tracks and transport passengers are called Class 1 railway businesses, those that transport passengers using other companies' tracks are called Class 2 railway businesses, and those that do not transport passengers themselves but provide tracks to other companies are called Class 3 railway businesses. This system was established during the 1987 JNR reform, and most of JR Freight's lines became Class 2 railway business sections.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

鉄道により旅客･貨物の運送などを行う事業のうちで道路に敷設されるもの(法規上は〈軌道〉と呼ばれ，路面電車などがこれに属する)を除いたもの。JRと民営鉄道とがあり，ともに鉄道事業法(1986制定)で規制される。このうち線路を保有して運送を行うものを第1種鉄道事業，他社の線路を利用して運送を行うものを第2種鉄道事業，みずからは運送を行わず他社に線路を提供するものを第3種鉄道事業という。この制度は1987年の国鉄改革のときに設けられ，JR貨物の路線は大部分が第2種鉄道事業の区間となった。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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