Mad cow disease

Japanese: 狂牛病 - きょうぎゅうびょう

Officially known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), BSE is a disease that causes brain damage in cattle, an infectious disease caused by a special infectious protein called prion that enters the body and infects the cattle. It was first identified in the UK in 1986. It became a problem because it was suspected that humans ate cattle with mad cow disease and developed Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a human prion disease. Symptoms of CJD include neurological damage to the brain and other organs, dementia, movement disorders, convulsions, and paralysis, and death usually occurs within 1 to 60 months after onset, and there is currently no effective treatment. In March 1996, the UK Health Secretary acknowledged the possibility of human infection, and the UK government decided to temporarily ban the sale of beef, which led to the EU deciding to completely ban beef from the UK. Consumers began to turn away from beef in many countries, dealing a serious blow to the meat industry. In Japan, since 1996, it has been mandatory to indicate the country of origin of imported beef, and import bans have been in place for live cattle and processed products. However, in September 2001, the first case of mad cow disease was diagnosed in Chiba Prefecture (27 cases by May 2006). The government began testing all cattle for BSE from October 2001. It completely banned the import, distribution, and use of meat and bone meal (feed made from the bones and internal organs of livestock), which is suspected to be a source of infection. In December 2003, a BSE-infected cattle was confirmed in the United States, and the government immediately suspended the import of beef produced in the country. In June 2005, the United States announced the second case of an infected cattle. In December 2005, the Food Safety Commission of the Cabinet Office issued a report approving new standards to exclude cattle aged 20 months or less from the testing of all cattle, and based on this, the Japanese government lifted the ban in the same month, limiting it to cattle aged 20 months or less. However, in January 2006, dangerous parts of beef imported from the United States were found to be mixed in, and import procedures were immediately suspended again. As a result of discussions between Japan and the United States, the embargo was lifted in July 2006.
→ Related topics Beef | Food Education Basic Law | Food Safety Basic Law | World Food Summit | Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

正式にはウシ海綿状脳症（BSE）。ウシが脳障害をおこす病気で，プリオンという特殊な感染性タンパク質が体内に入り感染する伝染病。1986年に英国で初めて確認された。この狂牛病のウシを人間が食べて，ヒトのプリオン病であるクロイツフェルト=ヤコブ病（CJD）が発生したのではないかとの疑いで問題となった。CJDの症状は，脳などの神経障害，認知症（痴呆），運動障害，けいれん，麻痺などで，発症後通常１〜60ヵ月で死亡し，現在のところ有効な治療法はない。1996年３月，英国保健相が人間への感染の可能性を認め，英国政府が牛肉の一時販売禁止を決めたことからEUも英国産牛肉の全面禁輸を決定。消費者の牛肉離れが各国で広まり，食肉業に深刻な打撃を与えた。日本では1996年から輸入牛肉の原産国表示を義務づけ，生体牛，加工品などについても輸入禁止措置を継続していたが，2001年９月に日本国内では初めて，千葉県で狂牛病と判断されたウシが発生（2006年５月までに27例発生）。政府は2001年10月から食肉処理されるすべての牛についてBSE検査をする全頭検査を実施。感染源と疑われる肉骨粉（家畜の骨や内臓などを原料とする飼料）の輸入・流通・使用を全面禁止した。2003年12月米国でもBSE感染牛が確認され，政府は直ちに同国産牛肉の輸入を停止した。米国は2005年６月に感染牛の２例目を発表。内閣府の食品安全委員会は2005年12月，全頭検査の対象から生後20ヵ月以下の牛を除外する新規準を容認する答申を出し，それをふまえて日本政府は同月，月齢20ヵ月以下に限定して禁輸措置を解除した。しかし2006年１月に輸入された米国産牛肉に危険部位混入が確認されたため，再び直ちに輸入手続を停止した。日米両国の協議の結果，2006年７月禁輸措置を解除。
→関連項目牛肉｜食育基本法｜食品安全基本法｜世界食糧サミット｜溶血性尿毒症症候群

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