Summer Kei

Date of birth and death unknown. Chinese painter from the late Southern Song dynasty. Born in Qiantang (Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). He was a member of the Painting Academy during the Ningzong reign (1195-1224), the heyday of Southern Song court-style painting, and is a representative artist of court-style landscape painting in the late Southern Song dynasty. He studied under Li Tang at the end of the Northern Song dynasty, and later, together with Ma Yuan, established a style of landscape painting using the side-angle composition method, known as "remaining mountains and excess water," in which the main scenery is drawn close to the lower half of the diagonal. His landscapes capture the atmosphere well with their lush brushstrokes.

There are also some works that emphasize brushwork and depict rather detailed scenes, and many are said to be his work, but there are no confirmed authentic works by Natsukei. Natsukei paintings were imported to Japan from the end of the Kamakura period to the Muromachi period, and influenced landscape paintings from the mid-Muromachi period onwards, and were particularly influential on Sesshu.

[Shinya Hoshiyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

生没年不詳。中国、南宋(なんそう)後半の画家。銭塘(せんとう)（浙江(せっこう)省杭州(こうしゅう)）の人。南宋院体画の最盛期である寧宗(ねいそう)朝（1195～1224）の画院待詔で、南宋後半の院体山水画を代表する作家。北宋末の李唐(りとう)を学んで、のち馬遠(ばえん)とともに、「残山剰水(ざんざんじょうすい)」などとよばれる、主要景物を対角線の下半分に近接化して描く辺角構図法の山水画形式を確立している。その山水は滋潤な筆致のうちによく大気をとらえている。

　また筆法を強調してやや細密な描写をなすものがあり、彼の作と伝えられるものは少なくないが、確証のある夏珪の正筆は知られていない。鎌倉時代末から室町時代にかけて日本に夏珪画が輸入され、室町中期以降の山水画に影響を与え、とくに雪舟に大きな感化を及ぼしている。

［星山晋也］

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