A change in body color in animals caused primarily by the action of chromatophores. The muscles, nerves, and other organs involved in this process are collectively called the body color executive system. Most body color changes occur in response to external stimuli, and some as a response to internal stimuli. Light stimuli via photoreceptors such as the eyes trigger a color change. The main biological significance of color change is as a protective coloration that blends the animal's own outline into the colors or patterns of the outside world, or as a nuptial coloration that signals the desire of a mate. Protective coloration can be reversible, such as the changes in body color of shrimp, chameleons, and tree frogs, or the changes in the black shades and patterns of flounders, or it can be fixed, such as when swallowtail butterfly pupae turn brown or grass green depending on the background. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
主として色素胞の働きによって動物の体色が変ること。これに関与する筋肉,神経などを合せて体色実行器系と呼ぶ。体色の変化の多くは体外からの刺激に対して,一部は内部刺激の応答として起る。眼などの光受容器を介する光刺激が体色変化の引き金となる。体色変化の生物学的意義は外界の色または模様に自己の輪郭をまぎれこませる保護色や,異性を求める信号としての婚姻色が,主である。保護色の場合,エビ,カメレオン,アマガエルの体色変化やカレイの黒の濃淡および模様の変化のように可逆的なものと,アゲハの蛹が背景次第で褐色あるいは草色になるときのように固定的な場合とがある。
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