In Sanskrit, it means "the science of practical benefits." The only well-known and extant work is Kauṭilīya-Arthaśāstra, ascribed to Kauṭilya, the prime minister of Mauryan King Chandragupta (reigned 317-296 BCE). The extant text was probably compiled around the 3rd century, but it is said that many of Kauṭilya's own words have been preserved. The book is a guide to politics, diplomacy, and military affairs, and is based on the idea that "the king is the state." The author's greatest concern was how to expand the king's territory and increase his interests. It is often compared to Machiavelli's The Prince. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
サンスクリット語で「実利の学」という意味。マウリヤ朝のチャンドラグプタ王 (在位前 317頃~296頃) の宰相カウティリヤ Kauṭilyaに帰せられる『カウティリヤ実利論』 Kauṭilīya-Arthaśāstraのみが有名で現存している。現存テキストはおそらく3世紀頃に編纂されたとされるが,カウティリヤ自身の言葉もかなり伝えられているという。同書は政治,外交,軍事の指導書で,「国王即国家」の主張に基づいている。いかにして領土を拡張し,国王の利益を増大するか,ということが作者の最大関心事であった。しばしばマキアベリの『君主論』と対比される。
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