Indian thinker and independence movement leader. Born in Poona, Maratha state. After graduating from Deccan College at the age of 21, he founded a private high school in 1880 and engaged in educational activities. He also founded the English newspaper "Maharatta" and the Marathi newspaper "Kesari (Lion)", emphasized Indian traditions, and advocated for national independence. He was also a scholar, and published many papers on ancient Brahmin philosophy and a commentary on the "Bhagavad Gita". Through these academic activities, he acquired radical political ideas and national consciousness, attacked British rule in India, and came to claim that Swaraj (independence) was the birthright of the nation. In 1895, his speech at the 200th anniversary of the death of Shivaji, a hero of the Maratha Empire, inspired many young people to join the anti-British independence struggle. Then, in the anti-British struggle over the Bengal Partition Act that began in 1905, he played an active role as a radical leader, coming into sharp conflict with moderate leaders such as Gokhale. In 1908, he was arrested as a result of this anti-British struggle, sentenced to six years in prison, and exiled to Mandalay in Burma (now Myanmar). He was released from prison in 1914, and in 1916 he formed the Self-Governing League and continued the independence movement. After his death, the movement was continued by M. K. Gandhi, the father of Indian independence. His book is Gita Rahasya. [Masuhara Yoshihiko] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
インドの思想家、独立運動の指導者。マラータ州のプーナに生まれる。21歳でデカン・カレッジを卒業後、1880年私立高校を創設して、教育活動に従事。また、英語紙『マハラッタ』とマラーティー語紙『ケーサリ(獅子(しし))』を創刊し、インドの伝統を強調し、民族独立運動の論陣を張った。一方、彼は学者であって、古代バラモン哲学に関する数多くの論文を発表し、また『バガバッド・ギーター』に対する注釈書を刊行した。このような学究活動を媒介にして、過激な政治思想と民族意識を身につけ、イギリスのインド支配を攻撃し、スワラージ(独立)は民族の生得の権利であると主張するに至った。1895年に、マラータ王国の英雄シバージーの200年祭で彼が行った演説は、多くの青年たちを反英独立闘争に参加させる契機となった。ついで1905年に始まるベンガル分割法をめぐる反英闘争においては、過激派の指導者として活躍し、ゴーカレーらの穏健派の指導者と鋭く対立した。1908年、この反英闘争によって逮捕され、6年間の禁錮(きんこ)刑を科せられてビルマ(現ミャンマー)のマンダレーに流刑となった。1914年に出獄、そして1916年には自治連盟を結成し、独立運動を続けた。彼の死後、その運動を継承したのはインド独立の父M・K・ガンディーであった。著書に『ギーター・ラハスヤ』がある。 [増原良彦] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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