City God - Ichigami

Japanese: 市神 - いちがみ
City God - Ichigami

Markets are places where trade takes place, and are closely linked to people's lives. The god is believed to protect the business of the market and the safety of the area. There are small shrines and stone pillars with the god carved into them, but it seems that in the past it was a round stone. They are often enshrined at places that indicate boundaries, such as village borders, wharves, bridges, and crossroads. From their locations, it can be inferred that markets were once held there. In western Japan, the name of the god of the market is often Ebisu, the deity of Itsukushima Shrine, and Ichikishimahime, but in eastern Japan, there are also names such as Okuninushi no Mikoto, and there are many other names. There are few places that have a specific holiday, but some places enshrine the god of the market on New Year's storehouse opening or on Little New Year's Day, and divine the business fortunes of the year. There is also a legend that Ichi-no-kami is connected to the female shaman Ichi and is a female deity.

[Kamata Hisako]

"Folk and Folk Crafts Series 56: Folk Customs of Markets and Peddler's Trade" by Toshio Kitami (1970, Iwasaki Bijutsusha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

市は交易を行う所であり、人々の生活と密接なつながりをもつ所である。この市の事業と、その場の安全を守護してくれるものと信じられている神。小さな祠(ほこら)や、市神を彫った石柱もあるが、古くは丸い石であったらしい。村の境、船着き場、橋のたもと、四つ辻(つじ)など、境界を示す場所に祀(まつ)られていることが多い。そのあり場所から、かつてそこで市が開かれていたことが推測される。市神の神名は、西日本ではえびす神とか厳島(いつくしま)神社の祭神、市杵島姫(いちきしまひめ)などが多いが、東日本では大国主命(おおくにぬしのみこと)などもあって、さまざまである。特定の祭日を決めている所は少ないが、正月の蔵(くら)開き・小正月などに、市神を祀り、1年の商運を占う所もある。市神は女性巫者(ふしゃ)イチと相通じ、女性神であるという伝承もある。

[鎌田久子]

『北見俊夫著『民俗民芸叢書56 市と行商の民俗』(1970・岩崎美術社)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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