Sedimentation - Chinko (English spelling)

Japanese: 沈降 - ちんこう（英語表記）sedimentation

When evenly dispersed colloidal particles are affected by gravity or centrifugal separation, the balance with the particle diffusion action caused by Brownian motion is broken, causing them to settle or become uneven. This phenomenon is closely related to the wettability at the interface between the particles and the solvent. Particles with polar surfaces are more likely to get wet in polar solvents and are more likely to disperse evenly. Conversely, particles with non-polar surfaces are less likely to get wet in polar solvents and are more likely to settle. An example of the latter is when fine sediment particles carried by a river meet saltwater at the river's mouth, settle, and form a delta. (→ Sedimentation velocity, Sedimentation equilibrium)

Sedimentation
Subsidence

The phenomenon in which land sinks relative to sea level. A type of ground movement, a geomorphological term for uplift. Even without ground movement, the same result can occur if sea level rises relative to the land. Coastal landforms caused by subsidence are called submerged coasts, and often have complex coastlines such as ria coasts. Submergence occurs when land becomes below sea level due to the intrusion of seawater, but submergence and subsidence are not necessarily the same thing.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

均一に分散したコロイド粒子などが，重力や遠心分離作用などによって，ブラウン運動による粒子の拡散作用との均衡が破れて沈殿したり，不均一になること。この現象は粒子と溶媒との界面における濡れやすさと大きな関係がある。有極性の表面をもつ粒子は有極性の溶媒中で濡れやすく，均一分散しやすくなる。逆に無極性の表面をもつ粒子は有極性の溶媒中では粒子を濡らしにくく，沈降が起きやすい。後者の例として河川で運ばれた土砂微粒子が，河口で塩水にあい，沈降して三角州をつくる現象がある。 (→沈降速度 ,　沈降平衡 )

沈降
ちんこう
subsidence

陸地が海面に対して相対的に下降する現象。地盤運動の一種で隆起に対する地形用語。地盤運動がなくても，海面が陸地に対して上昇すれば同様の結果を生じる。沈降によって生じた海岸地形を沈降海岸といい，リアス海岸のような複雑な海岸線をもつ場合が多い。陸地が海水の浸入によって海面下に位置するようになることを沈水というが，沈水と沈降とは必ずしも一致しない。

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