Optimism. A view that the meaning of the world and life is ultimately good, its opposite is pessimism. The original word is the Latin word "optimum," which means the best, and it can also be translated as "optimism." According to Leibniz, God created this world by choosing the best from all possibilities, so even though evil in the sense of the finiteness of created things inevitably exists, this world viewed as a whole is the best, and even the existence of evil contributes to God's predestination. In addition, this word is widely used to describe the idea that evil is only an appearance and everything that exists is good, and is also applied to the Stoics, Hegel, Shaftesbury, and others. In general, it refers to the way of life and perspective of people who do not worry too much and have a bright outlook on life, and sometimes it is used to describe a mental attitude that does not seriously try to solve the problem of evil and intentionally turns a blind eye to the existence of evil. [Katsuhiko Ito] [References] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
楽天主義、楽観主義。世界や人生の意義を究極的には善なるものとする見方で、その反対がペシミズム(厭世観(えんせいかん))。原語は最善を意味するラテン語のオプティムゥムoptimumで、最善観とも訳される。ライプニッツによれば、神はあらゆる可能性のうちから最善のものを選んでこの世界を創造したのだから、被造物の有限性という意味での悪は必然的に存在するにしても、全体としてみられたこの世界は最善のものであり、悪の存在すら神の予定調和に貢献しているという。そのほか、悪は外見でしかなく、存在するすべてのものは善であるとする考えについて広くこのことばが用いられ、ストア学派、ヘーゲル、シャフツベリなどにも適用される。一般には、くよくよ心配しないで、人生に明るい見通しをもつ人々の生き方、ものの見方をいい、ときには、悪の問題を真剣に解決しようとせず、意図的に悪の存在から目を背けようとする精神態度に対してもいわれる。 [伊藤勝彦] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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