Achondrite - Achondrite (English spelling)

Japanese: エコンドライト - えこんどらいと(英語表記)achondrite
Achondrite - Achondrite (English spelling)

A general term for stony meteorites that do not contain chondrules (millimeter-sized silicate droplets). Also known as achondrites. Their texture is similar to terrestrial igneous rocks, and they account for 9% of meteorites that fall to Earth. Achondrites are classified into nine types based on their chemical and mineral composition. Four of them (eucrite, howardite, angrite, and diogenite) are fragments of small bodies with a radius of several hundred kilometers and a layered structure. The core of these bodies was occupied by iron meteorites, a type of pallasite stony-iron meteorite. The extant small body similar to this small body is the asteroid Vesta. The other two types (aubrite and ureilite) are fragments of separate small bodies. These meteorites are thought to have formed 4.55 billion years ago and are thought to have originated from the asteroid belt. The remaining three types (schergottite, nakhlite, and chasshinite) are believed to have formed 1.3 billion years ago and are likely to have been meteorites that were blown off the surface of Mars by some kind of impact.

[Naoki Onuma]

[Reference] | Meteorite

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

石質隕石(いんせき)のうち、コンドルール(ミリメートル・サイズのケイ酸塩液滴)を含まないものの総称。別名無球粒隕石。その組織は地球上の火成岩に類似し、地球に落下する隕石の9%を占める。エコンドライトは、その化学組成および鉱物組成に基づいて9種類に分類される。そのうちの4種類(ユークライト、ホワルダイト、アングライト、ダイオジェナイト)は、層構造をもつ半径数百キロメートルの小天体の破片である。この小天体の中心部は、隕鉄、石鉄隕石の一種パラサイトが占めていた。この小天体に類似する現存小天体は小惑星ベスタである。他の2種類(オーブライトとユレーライト)は、それぞれ別個の小天体の破片である。これらの隕石の形成年代は45.5億年前であり、小惑星帯起源と考えられている。残る3種類(シェルゴツタイト、ナクライト、シャシナイト)は、その形成年代が13億年前であり、火星表面からなんらかの衝撃によって飛散した隕石である可能性が強い。

[小沼直樹]

[参照項目] | 隕石

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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