A system to check whether the structure and equipment of vehicles, such as railway vehicles and road transport vehicles, meet the technical standards for safety. A common name for vehicle inspection. Usually refers to the inspection system for automobiles. This is stipulated in the Road Transport Vehicle Law (Law No. 185 of 1951) and aims to ensure safety and prevent pollution. Automobiles cannot be driven on the roads unless they undergo inspections conducted by the local Land Transport Bureau and the Automobile Inspection and Registration Office under the law and receive an automobile inspection certificate. The objects of inspection are passenger cars and freight cars for commercial use, and passenger cars for ordinary use. There are new inspections when a new automobile is used, continued inspections when the automobile is used after the validity period of the inspection certificate has expired, and change inspections such as structure inspections when modifications are made that cause changes to the automobile's external shape (length, width, etc.) or maximum load capacity. In principle, the actual vehicle must be presented for inspection in all cases. The validity period of the inspection certificate is one year for commercial vehicles, three years for new ordinary vehicles that have been designated as a type, and two years for continued inspections. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
広く鉄道車両,道路運送車両など車両の構造,装置などが,保安上の技術水準に適合しているかどうかを検査する制度。車両検査の通称。通常は自動車の検査制度をさす。これは道路運送車両法 (昭和 26年法律 185号) に規定されており,安全性の確保および公害の防止を目的としている。自動車は同法に基づき各陸運支局および自動車検査登録事務所で実施される検査を受け,自動車検査証の交付を受けなければ路上走行ができない。検査対象は,営業用として旅客車と貨物車,普通用として乗用車などがあり,検査の種類は,新たに自動車を使用する際に受ける新規検査,検査証の有効期間満了後も引続いて使用する場合の継続検査,自動車の外形 (長さ,幅など) や最大積載量などに変更を生ずるような改造をした場合の構造など変更検査があり,いずれも現物車両を提示して検査を受けることが原則である。検査証の有効期限は,営業用車両は1年間,普通車両は形式指定を受けた新車は3年間,継続検査の場合2年間とされている。
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