Zhenjiang - Chinko

A prefecture-level city in the southwest of Jiangsu Province, China. It is located on the south bank of the Yangtze River. It has jurisdiction over three city districts and acts as the administrative agent for three county-level cities, including Danyang (as of 2016). It has a population of 2,720,700 (2014). The city was originally called Zhufang or Jingkou, and in the Qin dynasty it was called Dantu County, and in the Sui and Tang dynasties it was called Runzhou. Since the Song dynasty it has been the administrative center of Zhenjiang Prefecture. After the Xinhai Revolution, it was renamed Dantu County, and in 1928 it was renamed Zhenjiang County. The Jiangsu Provincial Government was established there for a time, and in 1949 Zhenjiang City was established.

Since ancient times, it has been valued as an intersection of the Grand Canal, a north-south transportation route, and the Yangtze River, an east-west transportation route, along with Yangzhou on the north bank. The Shanghai-Nanjing Intercity Railway (Shanghai-Nanjing) passes through the city, making it a transportation hub connecting Suzhou and North, and as one of the important river ports on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, it is a thriving area for the distribution of local specialties. Local specialties include fragrant vinegar, pork with vegetables, and soy sauce (vegetables pickled in miso). Industries such as machinery, chemicals, and papermaking are well developed. There are many scenic places and historical sites in the suburbs, such as Jiaoshan, Jinshan, and Beigushan.

[Kazuo Hayashi, Editorial Department, February 16, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、江蘇(こうそ)省南西部の地級市。揚子江(ようすこう)の南岸に位置する。3市轄区を管轄し、丹陽(たんよう)など3県級市の管轄代行を行う（2016年時点）。人口272万0700（2014）。市は、古くは朱方(しゅほう)または京口(けいこう)とよばれ、秦(しん)代に丹徒(たんと)県、隋(ずい)・唐代には潤州(じゅんしゅう)が設置され、宋(そう)代以降鎮江府の治所となった。辛亥(しんがい)革命後に丹徒県と改められ、1928年鎮江県と改称、一時、江蘇省政府が置かれたのち、1949年に鎮江市が置かれた。

　古来、南北交通路である大運河と東西交通路である揚子江との交差点として、北岸の揚州(ようしゅう)とともに重視された。滬寧(こねい)城際鉄道（上海(シャンハイ)―南京(ナンキン)）が通り、蘇南と蘇北を結ぶ交通の中枢であり、揚子江下流の重要河港の一つとして特産物の集散が盛んである。特産として香醋(こうさく)（酢(す)）、肴肉(こうにく)、醤菜(しょうさい)（みそ漬けの野菜）がある。機械や化学、製紙などの工業が発達している。郊外には焦山、金山、北固山など名勝・旧跡も多い。

［林　和生・編集部　2017年2月16日］

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