King of Zhongshan

Japanese: 中山王 - ちゅうざんおう

Title of the successive kings of Ryukyu (today's Okinawa Prefecture). Since ancient times, Ryukyu has also been called Zhongshan, and especially since the Ming Dynasty in China, until the abolition of Ryukyu in 1879 (→Ryukyu Disposition), it was customary for the kings to receive the investiture of the Ryukyu Zhongshan King (→tribute trade) from China. Famous among the successive Zhongshan kings are Satto before unification, Sho Hashi who established a unified government in Shuri for the three kingdoms of Sanpoku (Hokuzan), Zhongshan, and Sannan (Nanzan), King Sho Shin who promoted the centralized system of the Second Sho Dynasty established in 1469, and King Sho Nei who decided on a mutual subordinate relationship between Japan and the Qing Dynasty after the invasion of the Shimazu clan in 1609. (→Sho Dynasty, Ryukyu Trade)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

琉球（今日の沖縄県）の歴代国王の称号。古来，琉球は中山ともいわれ，特に中国の明代以降，1879年の琉球廃止（→琉球処分）まで，国王は中国から琉球中山王の冊封（→朝貢貿易）を受けることをならわしとしていた。歴代中山王では，統一以前の察度（さっと），山北（北山）・中山・山南（南山）の三王国の統一政権を首里に立てた尚巴志（しょうはし），1469年成立した第二尚氏の中央集権制を推進した尚真王，1609年島津氏の来攻により日本と清国の両属関係を決めた尚寧王らが有名。（→尚氏，琉球貿易）

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