Juniperus japonicus - Juniperus japonicus

Japanese: ネズ - ねず
Juniperus japonicus - Juniperus japonicus

An evergreen shrub or tree of the Cupressaceae family (classification based on molecular phylogeny: Cupressaceae). It is also called Nezumisashi (mouse sting). Large ones can reach 20 meters in height and 1 meter in diameter. The twigs of large trees often droop. The bark is gray-reddish brown. The leaves are needle-like and long, and painful to the touch. Dioecious. In April, one female and one male flower open in the axil of the previous year's branch. The male flower is elliptical, has two anthers in green scales, and produces yellow pollen. The female flower is oval and thick, with three green carpels, each with two ovules. The fruit is spherical and thick, ripening to purple-black in October of the following year or the year after. There are two or three seeds, which are oval and light brown in color. It grows in sunny, poor soil on mountainous and hilly areas, often growing in colonies. It is widely distributed from Honshu to Kyushu, as well as the Korean peninsula, northern and northeastern China, and Ussuri. It is often found wild in the Setouchi region. It is used as a garden tree or bonsai. The wood has a dense grain, is hard and shiny, and is used for architecture, civil engineering, tools, sculptures, etc.

[Yayoi Hayashi, June 19, 2018]

Cultural history

The name Juniper comes from the mouse-eater, which is said to have been used to prevent mice from entering holes and passageways by placing its needle-like leaves there. In bonsai, it is called Juniper.

The juniper used to flavor gin is a different species, J. communis L., and its variants, J. c. var. saxatilis Pallas and J. c. var. nipponica (Maxim.) Wilson, are found in Japan. The fruit has a sweet fragrance. The fragrance varies depending on the region, and the main growing areas are the high mountains of Italy, Hungary, South Slavic countries (former Yugoslavia), Czech Republic, and Slovakia.

[Hiroshi Yuasa June 19, 2018]

[Reference] | Gin

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ヒノキ科(分子系統に基づく分類:ヒノキ科)の常緑低木または高木。ネズミサシ(鼠刺し)ともいう。大きいものは高さ20メートル、径1メートルに達する。大木の小枝はよく垂れ下がる。樹皮は灰赤褐色。葉は針状で細長く、触ると痛い。雌雄異株。4月、雌・雄花とも前年枝の葉腋(ようえき)に1個ずつ開く。雄花は楕円(だえん)形、緑色の鱗片(りんぺん)の中に2個の葯(やく)があり、黄色の花粉を出す。雌花は卵円形で質が厚く、心皮は緑色で3枚、おのおの2個の胚珠(はいしゅ)がある。果実は球形で厚肉質、翌年または翌々年の10月ころ紫黒色に熟す。種子は2、3個あり、卵形で淡褐色。山地や丘陵の日当りのよいやせ地に生え、しばしば群生する。本州から九州、および朝鮮半島、中国北部、東北部、ウスリーに広く分布。瀬戸内地方には野生が多い。庭木や盆栽にする。材は木目が緻密(ちみつ)で堅く光沢があり、建築、土木、器具、彫刻などに利用する。

[林 弥栄 2018年6月19日]

文化史

ネズの名はネズミサシに由来し、ネズミの出没する穴や通路にその針状の葉を置き、防いだことからついた。盆栽などでは杜松(としょう)とよばれる。

 ジンの香りづけに使うネズは別種のセイヨウネズ(セイヨウトショウ)J. communis L.のことで、日本にはその変種とされるリシリビャクシンJ. c. var. saxatilis PallasやミヤマネズJ. c. var. nipponica (Maxim.) Wilsonなどが分布する。果実は甘い香りがある。その香りは地域によって差があり、イタリア、ハンガリー、南スラブ(旧ユーゴスラビア)諸国、チェコ、スロバキアなどの高山が主産地である。

[湯浅浩史 2018年6月19日]

[参照項目] | ジン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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