Cham - Cham (English spelling)

Japanese: チャム - ちゃむ(英語表記)Cham
Cham - Cham (English spelling)

An ethnic group living in the mountainous region of southern Vietnam and the Mekong River basin of Cambodia. The Cham people established the Champa Kingdom (Lin Yu, Champa) in southern Vietnam from the end of the 2nd century to the end of the 17th century and prospered, but were chased by the Vietnamese, some of them fled to the mountains and some to Cambodia. Champa was heavily influenced by Indian culture, but most of the Cham who entered Cambodia became Muslims. The non-Muslim Cham, who are numerous in Vietnam, maintain their traditional religion that is a mixture of Hindu and animistic elements. The Cham in Cambodia are active as fishermen, shipbuilders, and sailors, and coexist with the Khmer as farmers and merchants. However, being Muslim helps them maintain their ethnic independence.

The Cham in Vietnam have been strongly influenced by Vietnamese culture, and many have become Vietnamese, but the Cham in the highlands still maintain their own culture. They cultivate rice, and keep water buffaloes and chickens. They are of matrilineal descent.

[Itabashi Masami]

[References] | Cham language | Champa

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ベトナム南部の山岳地帯とカンボジアのメコン川流域に住む民族。チャム人は2世紀末から17世紀末までベトナム南部にチャンパ王国(林邑(りんゆう)、占城(せんじょう))を建てて栄えたが、ベトナム人に追われ、一部は山地へ、一部はカンボジアに逃れた。チャンパはインド文化の影響を強く受けていたが、カンボジアに入ったチャム人はほとんどイスラム教徒になった。ベトナムに多い非イスラム教徒チャムは、ヒンドゥー教的要素とアニミズム的要素の混ざった伝統的宗教を保持している。カンボジアのチャムは漁師、造船業者、水夫などで活躍し、また農民、商人としてクメール人と共存している。しかし、イスラム教徒であることが、彼らの民族的独立性の維持を助けている。

 ベトナムのチャムはベトナム文化の影響を強く受け、ほとんどベトナム化した人が多いが、高地のチャムは独自の文化をいまも保持している。イネを栽培し、スイギュウ、ニワトリなどを飼っている。出自は母系。

[板橋作美]

[参照項目] | チャム語 | チャンパ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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