British biochemist. After graduating from Cambridge University in 1936, he became a research student at the university's chemistry laboratory, and in 1939 he joined the Wool Industrial Research Institute in Leeds, where he obtained his doctorate in 1941 and became a research associate there. In 1943 he became a member of the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, and in 1948 he became head of the protein chemistry department at the Rowett Laboratory in Aberdeen. From 1938 he collaborated with AJP Martin to research methods for separating acetylamino acids, and in 1941 he successfully developed partition chromatography using a silica gel column. They then perfected paper chromatography in 1944. He used this as a means of elucidating the amino acid sequences of complex peptides, and by 1948 he had clarified the structure of the antibiotic gramicidin. For these achievements, he and Martin were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1952. This rapid and precise analytical method was widely applied thereafter, helping to elucidate the structure of insulin (F. Sanger) and the process of photosynthesis (M. Calvin). From 1967 to 1976 he was a research associate at the Norwich Food Research Institute, and from 1968 to 1984 he was Emeritus Professor of Biological Sciences at the University of East Anglia. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
イギリスの生化学者.1936年ケンブリッジ大学を卒業後,同大学生化学研究室研究生,1939年リーズの羊毛工業研究所に入り,1941年学位を取得して,同所研究員となった.1943年リスター予防医学研究所所員.1948年アバディーンのローウェット研究所タンパク質化学部長となった.1938年からA.J.P. Martin(マーチン)と共同してアセチルアミノ酸類の分離方法を研究し,1941年にシリカゲルカラムを用いた分配クロマトグラフィーを開発してこれに成功した.さらにかれらは,1944年ペーパークロマトグラフィーを完成させた.かれはこれを複雑なペプチドのアミノ酸配列を解明する手段として用い,1948年までに抗生物質グラミシジンの構造を明らかにした.これらの業績により,1952年Martinとともにノーベル化学賞を受賞.迅速かつ精確なこの分析手段はインスリンの構造(F. Sanger(サンガー))や光合成の過程(M. Calvin(カルビン))の解明に役立つなど,その後広く応用された.1967~1976年ノリッジの食品研究所研究員.1968~1984年イーストアングリア大学生物科学名誉教授を務めた. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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