Taira Incident - Taira Jiken

On June 30, 1949, a large number of members of the Japanese Communist Party and labor unions occupied the police station in Taira City, Fukushima Prefecture, causing a conflict within the station. The incident began when the city police ordered the removal of a bulletin board belonging to the Iwaki District Committee of the Communist Party, which had initially been permitted to be displayed, and several hundred people descended on the station. The background to this was the conflict between the capital and police of the Joban coal mining area, where business development was being carried out based on the Dodge Line, and the employees. The prosecution applied the crime of riot to this incident, the first such case since the war, and indicted 157 people. The first trial in August 1955 found the charges not to have been established, but the second trial in June and July 1958 found them to have been established. The ruling was controversial because it proposed the theory of "implicit common intent" to recognize the common intent of the entire crowd in sporadic, accidental acts of violence and threats, but in December 1960 the Supreme Court upheld this, dismissed the appeal, and the sentence was finalized.

[Shoji Arakawa]

"Ueda Seikichi, 'State Violence and People's Rights' (1973, Shin Nihon Shuppansha)" ▽ "Tanaka Jiro et al., eds., 'Postwar Political Trial History Volume 1' (1980, Daiichi Hoki Shuppan)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1949年（昭和24）6月30日、福島県平市警察署を日本共産党員や労働組合員など多数が占拠、署内で紛争を起こした事件。当初許可された共産党磐城(いわき)地区委員会の掲示板に対し市警が撤去命令を出したことが発端となり、群衆数百人が署に押しかけたのであるが、その背景には、ドッジ・ラインに基づき企業整備が進められる常磐(じょうばん)炭鉱地帯の資本・警察と従業員の対立関係があった。検察は事件に戦後初の騒乱罪を適用し157人を起訴。55年8月の一審は騒乱罪不成立としたが、58年6～7月の2審は成立を認めた。同判決は、散発した個々の偶発的暴行脅迫に群衆全体の意思の共同関係を認めるために「未必的共同意思」論を案出し論議をよんだが、60年12月最高裁はこれを支持し上告棄却、刑が確定した。

［荒川章二］

『上田誠吉著『国家の暴力と人民の権利』（1973・新日本出版社）』▽『田中二郎他編『戦後政治裁判史録　第一巻』（1980・第一法規出版）』

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