Jiā mù sī - Chams (English notation)

Japanese: 佳木斯 - チャムス（英語表記）Jiā mù sī

An industrial city in the eastern part of Heilongjiang Province in northeastern China. A provincially-controlled city on the south bank of the lower reaches of the Songhua River. Population: 2.28 million (780,000 of which are in the urban area, 1994). At the intersection of the Mujia (Mudanjiang-Chams) and Harbin (Harbin-Chams) railways, it branches off into Qinzhen Town via Hegang, Shuangyashan and Fujin. Its original name was Dongxing Town. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was an uninhabited wilderness, but at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Hezhe people engaged in fishing and hunting with birch bark boats and tents. Later, the area was developed by the Manchu and Han peoples, and commerce developed in the area. By 1909 (Xuantong 1), the number of merchants had reached over 50, and it came to be called Chams.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国東北部，黒竜江省東部の工業都市。松花江下流部の南岸にある省直轄市。人口228万(うち市部78万。1994)。牡佳(牡丹江～チャムス)，哈佳(ハルビン～チャムス)両鉄道の交点で，鶴崗市，双鴨山市および富錦市経由前進鎮に至る支線を分岐。原名は東興鎮。明末は無人の荒野であったが，清初には赫哲（ホチェ）族が樺皮製の船とテントを携え漁猟に従事。のち満，漢両族による開墾が進み，それに伴い当地は商業が発展，1909年(宣統1)商家50余戸に達し，チャムスと呼ばれるようになった。

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