Mediterranean -

Japanese: 地中海 - ちちゅうかい

In English, it is called the Mediterranean Sea. It is an ocean bounded by the north coast of Africa, the south coast of Europe, and the west coast of Asia, and is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibraltar. Including the Black Sea, it covers an area of about 2.51 million ^km2 . The average depth is 1,502 m, with a maximum depth of 5,267 m. It is divided into eastern and western basins by the Italian Peninsula in the center, and the Ligurian Sea and Tyrrhenian Sea are located to the west of the Italian Peninsula. The coastlines of the eastern and southern parts of the ocean are relatively monotonous, but the Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, and Aegean Sea in the northeastern part are complex. It includes islands such as Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete, and Cyprus. The coasts have a Mediterranean climate. There is a Mediterranean volcanic belt. The surface water temperature is relatively high (average water temperature 13.35°C), and the salinity is higher than in the Atlantic Ocean and the Black Sea. Except for the straits, there are no significant surface currents or tides. The water is highly transparent. From around 3000 BCE, the Cretan (Minoan) and Aegean civilizations flourished, and under the rule of ancient Greece and Rome, it became a stage for transportation and trade, forming the "Mediterranean world." In the 7th century, about two-thirds of the surrounding area came under Muslim control, and its unity was lost, but in the 11th and 12th centuries, against the backdrop of increased productivity in inland Europe, cities such as Venice and Genoa prospered through trade with the East, triggered by events such as the Crusades. Furthermore, Islamic culture, which was introduced through this East-West exchange, and ancient Greek culture, which was brought to Europe via Islam, promoted European innovation. After the development of the New World, the center of trade in Europe shifted to cities on the Atlantic coast, but its importance increased again with the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. → Tethys Sea → Related topics Algiers | Cartagena (Spain) | Atlantic Ocean | Mediterranean cuisine | Europe

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

英語ではMediterranean Sea。アフリカ北岸とヨーロッパ南岸，アジア西岸に囲まれ，ジブラルタル海峡で大西洋と通じる海洋。黒海を含め，約251万km²。平均水深1502m，最大水深5267m。中央部のイタリア半島によって東西の海盆に分けられ，イタリア半島の西方にリグリア海，ティレニア海がある。東部，南部の海岸線は比較的単調であるが，北東部のアドリア海，イオニア海，エーゲ海では複雑。コルシカ，サルデーニャ，シチリア，クレタ，キプロスなどの島がある。沿岸は地中海式気候。地中海火山帯がある。表面水温はわりに高く（平均水温13.35℃），塩分は大西洋や黒海に比べて高い。海峡部を除き，著しい表面流，潮汐(ちょうせき)はない。透明度は高い。前3000年ころからクレタ文明（ミノス文明），エーゲ文明が栄え，古代ギリシア，ローマ支配下では交通・貿易の舞台となり，〈地中海世界〉を形成した。７世紀に周辺地域の約2/3がイスラム教徒の支配下に入ってその統一性は失われたが，11，12世紀にはヨーロッパ内陸の生産力の増大を背景に，十字軍などを契機としてベネチア，ジェノバなどの都市が東方との貿易で繁栄。またこうした東西交流によって伝えられたイスラム文化や，イスラム経由でヨーロッパにもたらされた古代ギリシア文化がヨーロッパの革新を促した。新大陸開発後ヨーロッパにおける貿易の中心は大西洋岸諸都市に移ったが，1869年スエズ運河開通で，再びその重要性が増大した。→テチス海
→関連項目アルジェ｜カルタヘナ（スペイン）｜大西洋｜地中海料理｜ヨーロッパ

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