Sade - Donatien-Alphonse-François, Marquis de Sade

Japanese: サド - さど(英語表記)Donatien-Alphonse-François, Marquis de Sade
Sade - Donatien-Alphonse-François, Marquis de Sade

French author and thinker. Commonly known as the Marquis de Sade, he was born into a distinguished aristocratic family descended from Laura de Noves (1310-1348), a beautiful woman praised by the poet Saint Petrarch. At the age of 10, he entered the prestigious Jesuit school Louis-le-Grand in Paris, and four years later he went on to the Chebot-Léger school, which educated the children of the elite aristocracy. In 1755, he was appointed an officer in the King's infantry regiment. However, he later caused scandals with the "Arcueil Affair" (1768), in which he imprisoned and tortured a woman who was begging, and the "Marseille Affair" (1772), in which he gathered prostitutes and engaged in an orgy. Pursued by the authorities for attempted poisoning and sodomy, Sade was imprisoned and escaped several times before being detained in the Bastille's Tower of Liberty from 1784. He had already started out as a prison writer at this time, but was deemed dangerous by the authorities and transferred to the Charenton psychiatric hospital, where he lived until the start of the Revolution. He was freed by the Revolution, but arrested (1793) on suspicion of counter-revolution, and after his release he was arrested again on the grounds that his work New Justine (1797) was corrupting morals, and he died in Charenton.

In addition to the three versions of Justine, his works include The 120 Days of Sodom (written in 1785, published in 1904), the atheistic manifesto Dialogue between a Priest and a Dying Man (written in 1782, published in 1926), Philosophy in the Bedchamber (1795), the epistolary novel Aline and Barcourt (1795), and the masterpiece he wrote in his final years, The Marquise de Ganges (1813). The essay "De Nobel" attached to the collection of short and medium-sized stories Crimes of Love (1800) clearly shows Sade's inclination towards romanticism.

[Yuji Ueda May 19, 2015]

"The New Sade Anthology, translated by Tatsuhiko Shibusawa, 8 volumes (1965-1966, Togensha)""Philosophy in the Bedroom, translated by Tatsuhiko Shibusawa (Kadokawa Bunko)"

[References] | The Story of Juliet, or The Triumph of Vice

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの作家、思想家。通称マルキ・ド・サド(サド侯爵)。詩聖ペトラルカにたたえられた美女ラウラ・デ・ノベスLaura de Noves(1310―1348)の血を引く由緒ある貴族の家に生まれる。10歳でイエズス会の名門校であるパリのルイ・ル・グランに入学、4年後には選良貴族の子弟を教育するシュボ・レジェ校に進み、1755年には国王付き歩兵連隊の士官に任命されている。しかしその後、物ごいをしていた女を監禁したうえに拷問にかけたという「アルクイユ事件」(1768)、また娼婦(しょうふ)たちを集めて乱行に及んだという「マルセイユ事件」(1772)で醜聞を引き起こす。毒殺未遂と男色のかどで官憲に追われる身となったサドは、入獄と脱獄を繰り返したのち、1784年からバスチーユの「自由の塔」に拘留される。このころすでに囚人作家として出発していたが、当局から危険視され、シャラントン精神科病院に移され、ここで大革命を迎える。大革命によって自由の身となるが、反革命の嫌疑で逮捕(1793)、出獄後に『新ジュスチーヌ』(1797)が良俗を乱すという理由でまたもや捕らえられ、シャラントンで没。

 彼の作品には3種の『ジュスチーヌ』のほか、『ソドムの百二十日』(1785年執筆、1904年刊)、無神論の宣言ともいうべき『司祭と瀕死(ひんし)の病人の対話』(1782年執筆、1926年刊)、『閨房(けいぼう)の哲学』(1795)、書簡体長編小説『アリーヌとバルクール』(1795)、最晩年の傑作『ガンジュ侯爵夫人』(1813)などがある。中短編小説集『恋の罪』(1800)に付された「小説論」は、サドのロマン派志向をよく示している。

[植田祐次 2015年5月19日]

『澁澤龍彦訳『新・サド選集』全8巻(1965~1966・桃源社)』『澁澤龍彦訳『閨房哲学』(角川文庫)』

[参照項目] | ジュリエット物語、あるいは悪徳の栄え

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