After the second siege of Vienna (1683), the Ottoman Empire ceased to be a threat to Europe from the East. In 18th-century Europe, especially in England and France, fear and hostility toward Turks and Muslims faded away, and instead, exotic romanticism (Orientalism) became dominant. Coffee shops on the main streets of Paris and London, oriental gardens furnished with kiosks, A. Galland's Tales of the One Thousand and One Nights (1704-17), Montesquieu's Letter to the Persians (1722), and Voltaire's Muhammad (1741) are representative of Orientalism in 18th-century Europe. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
第2次ウィーン包囲(1683)を最後に,オスマン帝国はヨーロッパにとって東方の脅威ではなくなった。18世紀のヨーロッパ,とくにイギリスとフランスでは,トルコ人やイスラム教徒に対する恐怖心や敵意は影をひそめ,代わって,異国情緒のロマン主義(オリエンタリズム)が支配的となった。パリやロンドンの目抜通りのコーヒー店,キオスクをしつらえた東洋風庭園,A.ガランの《千夜一夜物語》(1704‐17),モンテスキューの《ペルシア人への手紙》(1722),ボルテールの《マホメット》(1741)などが18世紀ヨーロッパのオリエンタリズムを代表する。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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