Fujiyoshi Tarui

A radical civil rights thinker and Greater Asianist. Born on October 12, 1850 in Yamato Province (Nara Prefecture). He moved to Tokyo to study Chinese classics. During the Satsuma Rebellion, he worked for Saigo. In 1882 (Meiji 15), he formed the Oriental Socialist Party with his comrades in Shimabara, Nagasaki Prefecture, but it was banned within a month. The following year, he distributed the party's draft rules and was imprisoned. In 1884, during the Sino-French War, he traveled to China and established the Oriental Institute in Shanghai with Hiraoka Kotaro and Nakae Chomin. He also assisted Kim Ok-gyun of the Korean Independence Party with other Genyosha members. He was involved in the Osaka Incident and later imprisoned for the issue of treaty revision, but was released under a special amnesty following the promulgation of the Constitution, and was elected to the House of Representatives in 1892. The following year, he wrote "Daito Guppo Ron" (The Greater East Union Theory), in which he argued that Japan and Korea should unite to form the Greater East Country and join forces with China to resist the invasion of the Western powers. This idea influenced the Tenyukyo movement, including Uchida Ryohei, and later, in a different form, led to Japan's annexation of Korea. Tarui himself considered himself a proponent of annexation. In his later years, he tried to manage mines in China and Korea, but both ended in failure.

[Makio Okabe]

"Modern Japanese Thought Series 9: Asianism" edited by Yoshitaka Takeuchi (1963, Chikuma Shobo) " "Thoughts on the Oriental Socialist Party" by Sogoro Tanaka (1970, Shinsensha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

急進的民権思想家、大アジア主義者。嘉永(かえい)3年10月12日大和(やまと)国（奈良県）に生まれる。上京して漢学を学ぶ。西南戦争に際しては西郷方で策動。1882年（明治15）長崎県島原で同志と東洋社会党を結成したが1か月で禁止され、翌年同党党則草案を配布して禁錮刑を受ける。84年清仏(しんふつ)戦争の際渡清、平岡浩太郎(こうたろう)、中江兆民(ちょうみん)らと上海(シャンハイ)に東洋学館を設立。また玄洋社員らと朝鮮独立党の金玉均(きんぎょくきん)を助けた。大阪事件に連座、その後も条約改正問題で投獄されるが、憲法発布の特赦で出獄、92年衆議院議員に当選。翌年『大東合邦論』を著し、日韓両国は合邦して大東国をつくり、清国と連合して西洋列強の侵略に抵抗すべきことを説いた。この構想は内田良平(りょうへい)らの天佑侠(てんゆうきょう)に影響を与え、のちに形を変えて日本の韓国併合を導いた。樽井自身も併合の提唱者と自負した。晩年は中国、朝鮮で鉱山の経営などを試みたが、いずれも失敗に終わった。

［岡部牧夫］

『竹内好編『現代日本思想大系9　アジア主義』（1963・筑摩書房）』▽『田中惣五郎著『東洋社会党考』（1970・新泉社）』

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