The theorem states that an object moving at a constant speed through a stationary perfect fluid faces no resistance. This theorem was discovered by J. d'Alembert in 1744, and does not itself contain any elements of a paradox. It is commonly called a paradox because it contradicts the empirical fact that resistance acts on objects that are actually moving. However, this contradiction can be explained by the fact that real fluids have viscosity, and no matter how small the viscosity, its effects appear in the form of boundary layers and wakes, and the flow around an object is never completely vortex-free like that of a perfect fluid. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
静止している完全流体の中を,一定の速度で運動する物体には抵抗が働かないという定理。これは,1744年に J.ダランベールによって見出された定理であって,それ自体パラドックスの要素を含まない。これが俗にパラドックスと呼ばれるのは,現実に運動する物体には抵抗が働くという経験事実と,この定理が矛盾するためである。しかし,この矛盾は,実在の流体には粘性があり,粘性がいかに小さくても,その影響は境界層と伴流という形で現れ,物体のまわりの流れが全面的には完全流体の渦なし流にはならないということによって説明される。
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