The common name for bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide. The pure product is colorless and odorless, but the industrial product is brown in color and has a mustard odor, so it is also called mustard gas. It is synthesized by passing hydrogen chloride through bis(2-hydroxyethyl) sulfide or ethylene through sulfur chloride. It is poorly soluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents. It has extremely strong erosive properties on the skin and internal organs, and its toxicity is delayed and long-lasting. It was used as a poison gas weapon during the Battle of Ypres in Belgium during World War I, and thus came to be called by this name. It is also used as an organic synthesis material, such as thiokol rubber. [Manabu Yamamoto] "Poison Gas and Scientists: How Chemical Weapons Were Made" by Miyata Shinpei (1991, Kojinsha)" " The Devilish Mist: A History of the Poison Gas Warfare of World War I" by Lutz F. Haber, translated by Sato Masaya and supervised by Inoue Takahide (2001, Hara Shobo)" [References] | | [Additional information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ビス(2-クロロエチル)スルフィドの慣用名。純品は無色無臭であるが、工業製品は褐色でカラシ臭をもつことからマスタードガスともよばれる。 ビス(2-ヒドロキシエチル)スルフィドに塩化水素を通ずるか、塩化硫黄(いおう)にエチレンを通ずることにより合成される。水に難溶で、有機溶媒に可溶。皮膚、内臓に対しきわめて強いびらん性をもち、その毒性は遅効的かつ持続的である。第一次世界大戦時にベルギーのイーペルでの戦闘(イーペルの戦い)中に毒ガス兵器として用いられ、この名でよばれるようになった。ほかにチオコールゴムなど有機合成材料としても用いられる。 [山本 学] 『宮田親平著『毒ガスと科学者――化学兵器はいかに造られたか』(1991・光人社)』▽『ルッツ・F・ハーバー著、佐藤正弥訳・井上尚英監修『魔性の煙霧――第一次世界大戦の毒ガス攻防戦史』(2001・原書房)』 [参照項目] | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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