A representative Spanish surrealist painter. Born on May 11 in Figueres near Barcelona, he studied at art schools there and in Madrid. A precocious child with exceptional realistic depictive skills and a strange hallucinatory talent from an early age, he painted in impressionist-style pointillism at the age of 12, and was influenced by Futurism in 1920 and de Chirico's metaphysical paintings from 1923 to 1925. He moved to Paris in 1928 and participated in the Surrealist movement, and held his first solo exhibition the following year, in 1929, and under the influence of psychoanalyst Freud, aimed to explore the inner unconscious world through dreams and hallucinations. His paintings show a unique hallucinatory fixation on soft and dissolved objects such as a soft clock and a mellow human body resembling a sausage in The Persistence of Memory (1931), crutches, and multiple images based on trompe l'oeil-style optical illusions. Dali himself called his method of subverting the common sense order of the outside world and shedding light on unexpected reinterpretations through hallucinations the "paranoiac-critical" method, and attempted to systematize spontaneous delusions using philosophical terms, but technically he insisted on concreteness in his paintings, recreating the irrational inner universe through precise and detailed depictions as "handmade color photographs of the imaginary world" (Dali). In the late 1930s, he left the Surrealist movement and became more inclined toward classicism, moving to the United States in 1940. After World War II, he was influenced by Renaissance paintings during several trips to Italy, and approached Catholicism, developing a mystical vision that mixed the atomic system of modern physics with Christian icons using academic techniques. Dalí himself was also a constant source of news for his exhibitionist antics, and collaborated with director Luis Bunuel on the avant-garde films Un Chien Andalou (1928) and The Golden Age (1930). He also collaborated with Hitchcock on The White Horror (1945), and worked on printmaking and jewelry design. He died on January 23, 1989 in his hometown of Figueres. [Koichiro Ishizaki] "Dali and Dali" (1966, Futami Shobo) by Dali, translated by Koichi Iijima; "Diary of a Genius" (1971, Futami Shobo) by Dali, translated by Yoshiaki Higashino; "My Secret Life" (1981, Shinchosha) by Dali, translated by Yasushi Adachi, supervised by Shuzo Takiguchi [References] | | |Dali's museum in his birthplace, Figueres. Inside the museum, you'll find Dali's unique world, including optical illusions and strange objects. Near Barcelona, Spain ©Kyoko Kamita "> Dali Museum Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
スペイン出身のシュルレアリスムの代表的画家。バルセロナ近郊のフィゲラスで5月11日に生まれ、同地とマドリードの美術学校で学んだ。少年期から卓越した写実的描写力と異様な幻覚的資質を備えた早熟児で、12歳で印象派風の点描で描き、1920年には未来派、1923年から1925年まではデ・キリコの形而上(けいじじょう)絵画の感化を受けた。1928年にパリに出てシュルレアリスムの運動に参加し、翌1929年に最初の個展を開いて、精神分析学者フロイトの影響下に、夢や幻覚による内面の無意識世界への探求を目ざした。その絵画には、『記憶の固執』(1931)にみられる柔らかな時計や腸詰めに似たまろやかな人体といった柔軟で溶解したもの、松葉杖(まつばづえ)、だまし絵(トロンプ・ルイユ)風の錯視に基づく多重像などへの特異な幻覚的固執がみられる。常識的な外界の秩序を転覆して幻覚によって意外な再解釈の光をあてる手法をダリ自身は「偏執狂的・批判的(パラノイアック・クリティック)」方法と名づけ、哲学用語によって自発的妄想の体系化を試みたが、技術的には絵画の具体性を執拗(しつよう)に要求し、非合理な内的宇宙を「想像世界の手作りの色彩写真」(ダリ)として精緻(せいち)で克明な描写によって再現する。1930年代後半からはシュルレアリスムの運動を離れて、古典主義への傾斜を深め、1940年にはアメリカに移住した。第二次世界大戦後は数度のイタリア旅行でルネサンス絵画の影響を受け、カトリシズムに接近して、現代物理学の原子体系とキリスト教的イコンが混交する神秘主義的ビジョンをアカデミックな技法で展開した。また、ダリ自身も露出狂的な奇行で絶えず話題を提供し、ルイス・ブニュエル監督と前衛映画『アンダルシアの犬』(1928)、『黄金時代』(1930)を合作。ヒッチコックの『白い恐怖』(1945)に協力したほか、版画、宝石デザインも手がけた。1989年1月23日生地フィゲラスで没した。 [石崎浩一郎] 『ダリ著、飯島耕一訳『ダリとダリ』(1966・二見書房)』▽『ダリ著、東野芳明訳『天才の日記』(1971・二見書房)』▽『ダリ著、足立康訳、滝口修造監修『わが秘められた生涯』(1981・新潮社)』 [参照項目] | | |出生地フィゲラスにあるダリの美術館。館内は、だまし絵や奇妙なオブジェなど、ダリ独特の世界が広がる。スペイン バルセロナ近郊©Kyoko Kamita"> ダリ美術館 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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