Nagas - Naga (English spelling)

Japanese: ナガ - なが(英語表記)Nagas
Nagas - Naga (English spelling)

They are a Mongoloid ethnic group who speak Tibeto-Burman languages ​​and live in the mountainous region between the Brahmaputra Plain in northeastern India and the mountain ranges west of the Chindwin Valley in northern Myanmar (Burma). Although they live in an area that straddles the border between Hindu culture and Burmese Buddhist culture, their culture is completely different from these two cultures. Naga culture is thought to be a remnant of the ancient prehistoric culture that is distributed in most of Southeast Asia. There are many similarities between the cultures of the ancient highland peoples of Taiwan, the Philippines, and Borneo, and their connection with these cultures dates back to the Neolithic period. The Naga are classified into groups such as Angami, Lengma, Lhota, Ao, Konyak, Santan, and Chang, and once engaged in inter-tribal warfare and headhunting. They live by slash-and-burn agriculture, but do not move their settlements themselves and live in the same villages for generations. Their villages are characterized by being large and densely packed. They have an exogamous patrilineal clan structure, no chief system that controls the entire village, and in some tribes, political power is exercised by age groups. The Nagas are also known for sacrificing cows and pigs and holding merit feasts for those who wish to gain social prestige. The Angami Nagas have a custom of erecting megalithic monuments such as stone pillars and stone slabs to maintain the prestige they have gained.

[Jun Shimizu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

チベット・ビルマ語派の言語を話すモンゴロイド系の民族集団で、インド北東部のブラマプトラ平原とミャンマー(ビルマ)北部のチンドウィン渓谷以西の山脈に挟まれた山岳地帯に住む。彼らはヒンドゥー文化とビルマの仏教文化の境界地帯にまたがる地域に居住しているにもかかわらず、これら二つの文化とはまったく異なる文化をもつ。ナガの文化は、東南アジアの大部分に分布する有史以前の古代文化の名残(なごり)と考えられている。台湾、フィリピン、ボルネオ島の古代高地民族の文化との間にはいくつもの類似点がみいだされ、これらとのつながりは、新石器時代にさかのぼる。ナガはアンガミ、レングマ、ロタ、アオ、コニヤク、サンタン、チャングなどのグループに分類され、かつては部族間で戦争や首狩りを行った。生業は焼畑耕作であるが、居住地そのものを移動することはなく、何代にもわたって同じ村に住む。彼らの村は大規模で密集しているのが特徴である。外婚制の父系クラン(氏族)組織をもっており、全村を統制するような首長制度はなく、部族によっては年齢集団が政治権力を行使することもある。ナガはまた、社会的名声を得ようとする者が、ウシやブタの供犠を行い勲功祭宴(くんこうさいえん)を催すことでも知られる。アンガミ・ナガでは、獲得した威信を保つために、石柱や石板などの巨石記念物を立てる習慣がある。

[清水 純]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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