It is one of the Turkic languages. It is centered in the Republic of Tatarstan (capital Kazan, about 700 km east of Moscow) of the Russian Federation, and spreads to other regions of the federation, such as the Republics of Bashkortostan, Chuvashia, and Mordovia. There are about 6 million speakers (1989). There are also several thousand Tatars in northeastern China and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. There are three major dialects: (1) the central dialect is Kazan Tatar, (2) the western dialect is the Mishal dialect outside the Republic of Tatarstan, and (3) the eastern dialect is Siberian Tatar. The modern written language was established in the mid-19th century, and was written in Arabic characters until the beginning of the 20th century, but in 1929 it was replaced by the Latin alphabet, and since 1939 an orthography based on the Cyrillic alphabet has been used. There is a movement to convert it to the Latin alphabet. A rather distinctive feature of Tatar compared to other Turkic languages is that the vowels i, e, o, u, ö, and ü correspond to the other vowels e, i, u, o, ü, and ö, respectively. For example, the Tatar Felen (elephant) boron (nose) ozon (long). corresponds to the Turkish Filin burnu uzun. [Kazuo Takeuchi] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
トルコ系諸言語の一つ。ロシア連邦のタタールスタン共和国(モスクワの東およそ700キロメートル、首都カザン)を中心に、同連邦のバシコルトスタン、チュバシア、モルドビア各共和国などの諸地域に広がっている。話し手は約600万人(1989)。中国東北部や新疆(しんきょう/シンチヤン)ウイグル自治区などにも数千人のタタール人がいる。三大方言を有し、(1)中央方言はカザン・タタール、(2)西部方言はタタールスタン共和国外のミシャル方言など、(3)東部方言はシベリア・タタール。現代文語は19世紀中ごろに成立し、20世紀初めまでアラビア文字で表記されていたが、1929年からラテン文字正書法に移り、39年からはキリル文字を基礎とした正書法が用いられている。ラテン文字化の動きがある。他のトルコ諸語と比較して、かなり特徴的なことは、タタール語の母音i,e;o,u;ö,üが、それぞれ他のe,i;u,o;ü,öに対応することである。たとえば、タタール語のFelen(象の)boron(鼻は)ozon(長い).は、トルコ語のFilin burnu uzun.に対応する。 [竹内和夫] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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