Taifu - Chief

Japanese: 大夫 - たいふ

〘Noun〙 [1] Name of an official rank in China. ① Title of a job in the Zhou dynasty. A government official ranked below the rank of kei and above the rank of shi, divided into three classes: upper Daifu, middle Daifu, and lower Daifu. After the Qin and Han dynasties, there were official titles such as Yushi Daifu and Guanglu Daifu, but the system was different from that of the Zhou dynasty. ※Taiheiki (late 14th century) 37 "The kings, nobles, nobles, and noble officials of the time sought matchmakers, and hoped to have a lavish wedding ceremony and become husband and wife." [Mencius - King Hui of Liang, Part 1] ② Name of a noble rank in the Qin and Han dynasties. ※Suga Family Books (around 900) 2. Komatsu "The _two are faithful and far from _{one another} , and the Daifu stops here." ※Hands-on comic book Ukiyodokoro (1813-23) 1st "Emperor Qin Shi Huang bestowed the position of Taifu on Matsu." ③ Refers to a person with an official rank. [Dongfang Shuo - Daokenan] [2] (From a story in the Records of the Grand Historian - Fengshanshu, in which the First Emperor of Qin climbed Mount Tai, got caught in the rain, and took shelter under a pine tree, to which he bestowed the title of nobility (1)②.) Another name for the plant "matsu (pine)." ※Suga Ka Bunsou (around 900) IV - Old Matsukaze "Hearing the dawn wind blowing, _{the two} old noblemen, so cold _they are like _crushed _coral _. " [Li Qiao - Matsushi] [3] A name for a position in Japan. ① In ancient times, the title of a subordinate who served in the presence of the Emperor or Great King. Also, the most important of them. In the pre-Taika period, a councilor second only to the Minister and Dairen. Maegi. Mauchigimi. Machigimi. ※Chion-in Honjogū, Emperor Shotoku (917-1050) "Jogū Tokikose Sanjo-no-dayu Uta"② In the ritsuryo system, it is an honorific title for people ranked from 1st to 5th. Also, it is a general term for 1st to 5th ranks. ※Ryo Gikai (718) official text "Toshi and Chugoku and below. _Two _daifu with five ranks. (meaning. 1st rank and below. Commonly used _two titles.)"③ The next rank after Kugyo ₍ = 1st, 2nd, 3rd rank). A general term for 4th and 5th ranks. ※Shoku Nihongi - October 7th year of Yoro (723), _Otsuu " _{The two} princes, kings, nobles, and daifu are all ranked in _{the same} place, and the same celebration _is _held ."④ A general term for the 5th rank. Also, it is an honorific title. For example, Mukan-daifu is a person who is ranked 5th and does not currently hold office, and Minbu-daifu is a 5th rank deputy of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. ※Tonbo (c. 974) - "Because the Daifu was not very reliable, he stood by the gate, hoping to hear the Emperor's words." ⑤ A position under the Ritsuryo system, the head of a temple. → Daibu. ⑥ A title for Shinto priests, such as Kannushi (priest) and Negi (assistant priest) . → Tayu. ※Utsubo (c. 970-999) - Rojojo: "On the day of the April festival, the beautiful Negi Taifu, with its beautiful hollyhocks and beautiful appearance, presented itself to Lord Kan." ⑦ A title for a shrine's Oshi (master) . → Tayu. ⑧ (Compared to Chinese feudal lords, nobles, Daifu, and samurai) In the Edo period, this term referred to Hatamoto. ※Essays, Kagetsu Soushi (1818), vol. 2: “If the feudal lords, nobles and other nobles were to speak their minds according to the teachings of the successive great emperors, how could they save the future?” ⑨ A person who conducts politics. A ruler. ※Go Men Zi Yi (1705), vol. 2: “The scholars and nobles of the world regard themselves as _{the greatest} _treasures , but _{do not} _know the truth and make _false _teachings _{the source of} error.” [Glossary] (1) In Japan, “noble” can mean either an official position or a rank. The former refers to the head of a position and is read as “daibu” (there is a separate entry for “daibu”). It is said to be to distinguish it from the vice minister of the eight ministries , the daifu . The latter is also considered to be a title of respect for those ranked from the first to the fifth rank, but while those ranked third or higher are referred to as "Kyo," it is more commonly used to refer to those ranked fourth or fifth. Since "Daifu" is originally a title of respect, it is used particularly frequently for those ranked fifth, and has become another name for the fifth rank.
(2) The fifth rank was the lowest rank of the nobility, but for local samurai who had no family lineage, being awarded this rank and being called tayu meant glory. It is thought that entertainers, Shinto priests, and owners of prostitutes were called tayu for similar reasons. The kana notation for the rank is "taifu," which is pronounced "tayu" in modern times.

Daibu [Grandpa]

〘Noun〙 (a variant of "taifu") A reading used to refer to the chief of the ritsuryo government offices, such as the Daizenshiki, Sakyoshiki, Shurishiki, Chugushiki, and Harumiyabo. [Ryo Gikai (718)]

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙[一] 中国での官位の呼称。① 周代の職名。卿(けい)の下、士の上に位する執政官で、上大夫、中大夫、下大夫の三等に分かれる。秦、漢以後も御史大夫、光祿大夫などの官名があるが、周代の制とは異なる。※太平記（１４Ｃ後）三七「時の王侯貴人公卿大夫媒妁を求め、婚礼を厚くして、夫婦たらんことを望しか共」〔孟子‐梁恵王・上〕② 秦・漢代の爵位の名。※菅家文草（900頃）二・小松「将效_二貞心遠_一、大夫此地停」※滑稽本・浮世床（1813‐23）初「尤秦の始皇帝が松に太夫(タイフ)の官をば与たが」③ 官位のある者をいう。〔東方朔‐答客難〕[二] (秦の始皇帝が、泰山に登って雨にあい、松の下に雨やどりしてこれに(一)②の爵位を与えたという「史記‐封禅書」に見える故事から) 植物「まつ（松）」の異名。※菅家文草（900頃）四・老松風「聞暁風吹_二老大夫_一、冷々恰似_レ砕_二珊瑚_一」〔李嶠‐松詩〕[三] 日本での地位の呼称。① 古く天皇・大王の御前に祗候(しこう)する臣下の称。また、その主だった者。大化前代、大臣・大連に次ぐ議政官。まえつぎみ。まうちぎみ。まちぎみ。※知恩院本上宮聖徳法王帝説（917‐1050頃か）「上宮時巨勢三杖大夫歌」② 令制で、一位から五位までの人の尊称。また、一位から五位までの総称。※令義解（718）公式「司及中国以下。五位称_二大夫_一。〈謂。一位以下。通用_二此称_一〉」③ 公卿(くぎょう)（=一・二・三位）の次位。四位と五位の総称。※続日本紀‐養老七年（723）一〇月乙卯「冝_下共_二親王諸王公卿大夫百寮在_一レ位、同慶_中斯瑞_上」④ 五位の通称。また、尊称。例えば無官大夫は五位であって現職のない者、民部大夫は民部省の丞(じょう)で五位の者。※蜻蛉（974頃）中「大夫よべのいとおぼつかなきを、御門のへむにて、御けしきもきかむとて、物すれば」⑤ 令制官司の職・坊の長官。→だいぶ。⑥ 神主(かんぬし)、禰宜(ねぎ)など、神職の呼称。→たゆう。※宇津保（970‐999頃）楼上下「四月祭の日、葵かづらいといつくしう、うるはしきさまにてねぎのたいふ、かんの殿の御かたにもて参りたり」⑦ 神社の御師(おし)の称号。→たゆう。⑧ (中国の諸侯・卿・大夫・士などになぞらえて) 江戸時代、旗本をさしていう。※随筆・花月草紙（1818）二「代々の大君の御説よりして、諸侯・大夫をはじめ、おもひよることいひたらば、何をもて後のよを救ひなん」⑨ 政治を行なう者。為政者。※語孟字義（1705）下「世之学士大夫、自以為_二至宝_一、而不_レ知_下実為_二邪説_一之所_上レ誤也」[語誌](1)日本における「大夫」には官職を意味する場合と、位階をさす場合とがある。前者は職の長官の場合で「だいぶ」と読みならわしている（「だいぶ」は別項）。八省の次官の大輔(たいふ)と区別するためという。後者は、一位から五位に通ずる尊称ともされるが、三位以上が卿と称されるのに対して、四位・五位をさすことが多くなり、大夫が本来、尊称であるところから、五位の場合はとくに多用され、五位の別称ともなった。
(2)五位は貴族の最下級であったが、門地のない地方の武士などにとっては、これに叙爵し、大夫を称することが栄光を意味した。遊芸人、神職、遊女の主なる者が大夫を称するのもこれに類した事情からであったと考えられる。なお、位階の場合の仮名表記は「たいふ」で、現代の発音では「たゆう」となる。