An international conference on physics and chemistry. Belgian industrial chemist E. Solvay was interested in the fundamental problems in physics raised by quantum theory, and proposed an international conference that could truly contribute to solving these problems. Based on this proposal, internationally renowned physicists such as Einstein, M. Curie, Langevin, and Rutherford were invited to Brussels in 1911 to report and discuss the theme of "Radiation Theory and Quantum". The conference format that emphasized discussion among a small number of people became a characteristic of subsequent Solvay Conferences. From the second conference (1913), an international scientific committee was organized, and this committee decided on the theme and the invitees. From Japan, Hideki Yukawa, Shinichiro Tomonaga, Shoichi Sakata, and Fumitaka Sato have been invited so far. In 1922, the Solvay Conference on Chemistry began to be held. The progress of the Solvay Conference was reported at the 17th Chemistry Congress (1980), held to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Belgian independence. [Yuji Jido] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
物理学および化学に関する国際会議。ベルギーの工業化学者E・ソルベーは、量子論が提起した物理学上の基本的問題に関心をもち、問題解決に真に寄与しうる国際会議を提唱した。その提唱に基づき、1911年、ブリュッセルに、アインシュタイン、M・キュリー、ランジュバン、ラザフォードらの国際的に著名な物理学者が招待され、「輻射(ふくしゃ)理論と量子」をテーマに報告し、討論しあった。少人数による討論を重視する会議の形式はその後のソルベー会議を特徴づけるものとなった。第2回(1913)以降は、国際科学委員会を組織し、その委員会がテーマと招待者を決定するようになった。日本からは湯川秀樹(ひでき)、朝永(ともなが)振一郎、坂田昌一(しょういち)、佐藤文隆(ふみたか)がこれまでに招待されている。22年には化学に関するソルベー会議が開催されるようになった。ソルベー会議の経過は、ベルギー独立150周年を記念して開かれた第17回化学会議(1980)において報告されている。 [慈道裕治] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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