A British lawyer, politician, and legal and political scientist active in the first half of the 17th century. His ideas were influenced by humanists such as Erasmus, Hooker, and Grotius, and he was a key member of the Great Tew Circle, a group of the most enlightened intellectuals in England in the 1630s. He became a lawyer in 1612, a member of the House of Commons in 1623, and participated in drafting the Petition of Right in 1628. In 1640, like Cromwell, he represented Oxford University in the Long Parliament and advocated religious freedom. In 1649, he came into conflict with the Independents and Levellers over the execution of Charles I, and retired from politics. He wrote many books, including "Titles of Honour" (1614), "Of the Jews in England" (1617), "History of the Tithes" (1618), "The Enclosed Sea" (1635), "The Law of the People and of Nature, as Seen in the Laws of the Hebrews" (7 volumes, 1640), and "Idle Talks on the Table" (1689), and influenced such authors as Hobbes and Filmer. In "History of the Tithes," he denied the theory of divine right, and his main work, "The Enclosed Sea," was a rebuttal to Grotius's "The Liberty of the Sea" (1609) and the Dutch claim of fishing rights on the coast of England. While Grotius maintained that the oceans were not subject to the exclusive control of any country and that ships of any country could navigate them freely, Selden argued, based on historical facts, documents, the Bible, etc., that the oceans, like the land, could come under the exclusive control of a particular country over the course of a long period of time. This debate is a valuable resource for understanding the state of trade and industry among the rising capitalist nations of the time, and is also interesting when considering the issue of today's 200-mile exclusive fishing zones. [Hiroshi Tanaka] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
17世紀前半に活躍したイギリスの法律家、政治家、また法・政治学者。彼の思想には、エラスムス、フッカー、グロティウスなどの人文主義者たちの影響がみられ、彼自身、1630年代のイギリスにおけるもっとも開明的な知識人の集まりであったグレート・チュー・サークルの主要メンバーであった。1612年弁護士となり、1623年下院議員、1628年の「権利請願」の起草に参加。1640年には、クロムウェルと同じくオックスフォード大学を代表して長期議会に入り、宗教の自由を主張。1649年チャールズ1世の処刑をめぐり独立派・平等派(レベラーズ)と対立、政界を引退。『名誉の称号』(1614)、『イギリスにおけるユダヤ人論』(1617)、『十分の一税の歴史』(1618)、『閉鎖海論』(1635)、『ヘブライ人の法律からみた万民法と自然法』全7巻(1640)、『卓上閑話』(1689)など著書多数、ホッブズ、フィルマーなどにも影響を与えている。『十分の一税の歴史』では神権説を否定、主著『閉鎖海論』は、グロティウスの『自由海論』(1609)やオランダのイギリス海岸における漁業権の主張に反論したもの。 グロティウスが、海洋はいかなる国の排他的支配にも服さず、いかなる国の船舶も自由に航行できると主張したのに対し、セルデンは、陸地と同じく海洋も、長い年月の経過のなかで特定国の排他的支配に服しうることを、歴史的事実や資料・聖書などを根拠にして論証している。この論争は、当時の興隆しつつあった資本主義諸国家間の貿易や産業の状況を知るうえで好個の材料といえ、また今日の200海里漁業専管水域をめぐる問題を考えるうえでも興味深い。 [田中 浩] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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