…Since language, behavior, and cognition are tools for people to perform mental activities, aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia are called tool disorders, and are considered to be disorders of higher symbolic functions due to central nervous disorders, not peripheral nervous disorders such as deafness, motor paralysis, and sensory paralysis. The history of cerebral pathology is a history of conflict between the localization theory, represented by L. Lichtheim and K. Kleist, which emphasizes the anatomical localization of brain functions and considers aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia to be focal symptoms (localized symptoms) of the brain, and the holistic theory, which emphasizes psychological and intellectual disorders and is represented by JH Jackson, H. Bergson, P. Marie, H. Head, and K. Goldstein. The localization theory was at its peak from the 19th century to the early 20th century, but since the beginning of the 20th century, the localization theory has been severely criticized by the holistic theory. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Lichtheim, L." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…言語,行為,認知は人が精神活動を営むための道具なので,失語,失行,失認は道具障害といわれ,聾啞(ろうあ),運動麻痺,感覚麻痺などの末梢神経障害ではなく,中枢神経障害による高次の象徴機能の障害とされる。 大脳病理学の歴史は,リヒトハイムL.Lichtheim,クライストK.Kleistらに代表され,脳機能の解剖学的局在を重視し,失語,失行,失認を脳の巣症状(局在症状)とする局在論と,ジャクソンJ.H.Jackson,H.ベルグソン,マリーP.MarieからヘッドH.Head,ゴルトシュタインK.Goldsteinに至る心理学的障害や知性障害を重視する全体論との抗争の歴史である。19世紀から20世紀初頭は局在論全盛の時代であったが,20世紀に入ってからは局在論に対して全体論からの厳しい批判が行われた。… ※「Lichtheim,L.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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