Stone imitation

Japanese: 石製模造品 - せきせいもぞうひん
Stone imitation

This refers to the imitation objects made of soft rocks for festivals, especially those from the Kofun period. Most of them are blue-green in color and are made of talc rock.

Although there were some careful imitations from the early period, large numbers of crudely made ones have been discovered within the main parts of tumuli and at ritual ruins. The main items include mirrors with knobs, circular plates with holes, beads (magatama, kudadama, natsumedama, mortar beads, etc.), bracelets, combs, sword-shaped beads, knives, arrowheads, armor, shields, axes, sickles, chisels, spears, hoes, plows, weaving tools, spindle wheels, planks, cutting boards, vats, containers (tsuki, tsubo, koshiki, etc.), dolls, horse-shaped, boat-shaped, bell-shaped, and komochi magatama. Influenced by stone products made from jasperite from the early Kofun period, they are common in early to middle Kofun tombs such as Izumi Koganezuka, Iga Ishiyama Kofun, and Muromiyayama Kofun. At ritual sites, there are carefully made artifacts from the 5th century, but the greatest number of sites are thought to date to the early 6th century, and are found from Aomori Prefecture to Kumamoto Prefecture. They were rarely used in the latter half of this period, but a small number of quite differently shaped artifacts from the 7th and 8th centuries can be found on Okinoshima Island in Munakata and in parts of the Kanto region. Dolls, horse-shaped, and boat-shaped artifacts are characteristic of this period.

Furthermore, in the crudely constructed and mass-produced kofun, many tools such as knives, axes, and sickles are found in addition to jewels, and in ritual sites, perforated circular plates, which are thought to be an extremely simplified form of mirrors, and sword-shaped items have been found along with jewels, revealing a difference in awareness, while sword-shaped items are more prevalent in the eastern part of the country and perforated circular plates in the west. Regional differences can also be seen, with a particular prevalence of circular plates with a single hole in Kyushu.

In addition, the remains of a workshop run by a group of people with a tradition of making jewels have also been discovered.

[Rinji Sugiyama]

[Reference items] | Ritual ruins | Shinto archeology

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

とくに古墳時代を中心とした、軟質の岩石でつくられた、まつり用の模造品をいう。多くは青緑色で、滑石質の岩石による形代(かたしろ)である。

 ていねいに模造されたものも初期にはあるが、多量、粗製化したものが、古墳内部主体内、祭祀(さいし)遺跡などから発見される。おもなものには、有鈕(ゆうちゅう)鏡、有孔円板、玉類(勾玉(まがたま)、管(くだ)玉、棗(なつめ)玉、臼玉など)、釧(くしろ)、櫛(くし)、剣形(けんがた)、刀子(とうす)、鏃(やじり)、甲(よろい)、盾(たて)、斧(おの)、鎌(かま)、鑿(のみ)、鉇(やりがんな)、鍬(くわ)、鋤(すき)、機織具、紡錘車、案、まないた、槽、容器(坏(つき)、坩(つぼ)、甑(こしき)など)、人形、馬形、舟形、鐸(たく)形、子持(こもち)勾玉などがある。古墳時代前期の碧玉(へきぎょく)質岩を使用した石製品の影響を受け、和泉(いずみ)黄金(こがね)塚、伊賀石山古墳、室宮山(むろみややま)古墳など前期から中期の古墳に多い。祭祀遺跡では5世紀代の遺物にていねいな作りのものがあるが、遺跡数のもっとも多いのは6世紀初頭ごろと思われ、青森県から熊本県まで分布する。その後半にはほとんど使用されなくなるが、宗像(むなかた)沖ノ島や、関東地方の一部では、形状のかなり異なるものが7~8世紀代にも少量みられる。人形、馬形、舟形などはこの時期に特徴的な遺物といえる。

 また古墳の粗造多量化したものでは、玉類のほか、刀子、斧、鎌などの工具のセットが多く、祭祀遺跡では、鏡の極端な省略形とみられる有孔円板、剣形品が玉類とともにみられ、意識の差が表れる一方、東国には剣形品が、西には有孔円板が多い。とくに九州では単孔の円板が多いなどの地域差もみられる。

 なお玉造りの系統を引く集団による製作工房址(し)も発見されている。

[椙山林継]

[参照項目] | 祭祀遺跡 | 神道考古学

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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