Ishbiehra - Ishbiehra

Japanese: イシュビエラ - いしゅびえら
Ishbiehra - Ishbiehra

…The original name is Insin or Issin, but it is usually written as Isin. At the end of the Third Dynasty of Ur, Ishbi-Erra, a former vassal of the Ur royal family, established an independent state in Isin, where a total of 15 kings ruled. The Isin dynasty inherited and developed the Sumerian traditions of the Third Dynasty of Ur in terms of political ideology, administrative system, religion, literature, etc.

From Babylonia

...However, by the time of Shushin, the situation had become so dire that a long wall had to be built north of Baghdad, stretching from the east bank of the Tigris to the west bank of the Euphrates, to prevent invasions.
[The era of separation of dynasties]
The Elamites who destroyed the Third Dynasty of Ur remained in Ur for about 10 years, but were driven out by Ishbiera (2017-1985 BC), a former vassal of the Third Dynasty of Ur who later established an independent kingdom in Isin, and recognized himself as the legitimate successor of the Third Dynasty of Ur. The next 100 years or so, centered around Isin, can be said to be a continuation of the Third Dynasty of Ur, but around 1900 BC, Amorite dynasties rose in succession in Larsa, Babylon (First Babylonian Dynasty), Eshnunna, and other places, and a new era began.

From Mesopotamia

...By the time of the fifth king, Ibishin, the pressure from the Western Semitic Amorites (Amorites) had intensified. Ibishin's high official, Amorites Ishbiera, gained independence in Isin and occupied various areas militarily. Also, due to the threat of Elam, the Third Dynasty of Ur collapsed in 2004 BC, and the Sumerians lost their ethnic identity.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Ishviera" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…本来InsinまたはIssinであるが,通常はIsinと書き習わされている。ウル第3王朝の末期に,元ウル王室の家臣であったイシュビエラIshbi‐Erraがイシンに独立国家を建て,そこで合計15人の王が統治した。イシン王朝は,政治理念,行政制度,宗教,文学などの面で,ウル第3王朝時代のシュメール的伝統を継承・発展させた。…

【バビロニア】より

…しかし,シュシンのころにはバグダードの北にティグリス川東岸からユーフラテス川西岸に至る長城を築いて,その侵入を阻止しなければならないほどになっていた。
[諸王朝分立時代]
 ウル第3王朝を滅ぼしたエラム人は約10年間ウルにとどまるが,ウル第3王朝の元家臣で,その後イシンに独立王国を建てたイシュビエラ(前2017‐前1985)がこれを追い出し,ウル第3王朝の正統な後継者をもって自認した。この後イシンを中心とした約100年間は,事実上ウル第3王朝時代の継続といえるが,前1900年ころになってラルサ,バビロン(バビロン第1王朝),エシュヌンナなどにアモリ系の王朝が相次いで興り,新しい時代が始まる。…

【メソポタミア】より

…5代王イビシン時代までには西方セム系アムル人(アモリ人)の圧力が強まる。イビシンの高官アムル系のイシュビエラはイシンで独立するとともに,各地を軍事占領した。またエラムの脅威もあって,前2004年ウル第3王朝は崩壊し,シュメール人は民族的実体を失う。…

※「イシュビエラ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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