Myelitis

Japanese: 脊髄炎 - せきずいえん(英語表記)Myelitis
Myelitis
[What kind of disease is it?]
It is an inflammation of the spinal cord, triggered by infection or an immune response.
Myelitis caused by viral infections such as polio and shingles develops acutely, but recently attention has been focused on myelitis that develops gradually, such as that caused by AIDS virus infection.
In addition to common bacteria, cases of myelitis caused by tuberculosis and syphilis have also been reported.
[Symptoms]
Usually, when people simply say myelitis, they are referring to acute transverse myelitis.
After vaccination or viral infection, both legs suddenly become paralyzed and a tingling numbness occurs mainly from the chest down. Pain in the back and waist is often felt, and the sensation of urination and defecation is lost, leading to excessive retention and leakage (bladder-rectum dysfunction). Symptoms progress rapidly and reach their peak within a few days.
Examination of cerebrospinal fluid reveals a mild increase in protein and cell count.
[Treatment]
During the acute phase (when symptoms are severe), patients are advised to rest and adrenal cortical hormones are used, but this may not be effective enough.
When patients become bedridden, they are more likely to develop complications such as bed sores and cystitis, so to prevent this, we use air mattresses and frequently change their position.
Early rehabilitation is important to prevent joint contracture (inability to bend and straighten joints).

Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information

Japanese:
[どんな病気か]
 脊髄に炎症のおこる病気で、感染や免疫反応(めんえきはんのう)がきっかけとなっておこります。
 ポリオや帯状疱疹(たいじょうほうしん)などのウイルス感染症によるものは急性に発症しますが、最近は、エイズウイルス感染によるものなど、徐々におこってくる脊髄炎が注目されています。
 一般細菌のほか、結核(けっかく)や梅毒(ばいどく)を原因とする脊髄炎も報告されています。
[症状]
 ふつう、単に脊髄炎といったときには、急性横断性脊髄炎(きゅうせいおうだんせいせきずいえん)のことです。
 予防接種やウイルス感染の後に、急に両下肢(りょうかし)(両脚(りょうあし))がまひし、おもに胸から下にビリビリするしびれ感がおこります。背中や腰に痛みを感じることもしばしばで、排尿(はいにょう)・排便(はいべん)の感覚がなくなり、たまりすぎたり、もらしたりします(膀胱直腸障害(ぼうこうちょくちょうしょうがい))。症状は急速に進行し、数日でピークに達します。
 髄液(ずいえき)を検査すると、たんぱくの量や細胞の数が軽度に増加しています。
[治療]
 急性期(症状の強い時期)には安静を守り、副腎皮質(ふくじんひしつ)ホルモンを使用しますが、十分な効果がみられないこともあります。
 寝たきりとなって、とこずれや膀胱炎(ぼうこうえん)などの合併症がおこりやすいので、これを予防するためにエアーマットを使用し体位の変換を頻回に行ないます。
 関節の拘縮(こうしゅく)(関節の曲げ伸ばしができなくなる)を防ぐため、早期からのリハビリテーションがたいせつです。

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