A representative French painter of Neo-Impressionism. Born in Paris on December 2nd to a wealthy family. In 1875, he studied drawing under the sculptor Justin Luquien. Three years later, he entered the École des Beaux-Arts, where he studied under Ingres's pupil Henri Lehmann, but dropped out the following year in 1879. After a year of military service in Brest, he returned to Paris and devoted himself to drawing, producing figures and landscapes reminiscent of Millet in twilight with smooth textures. At the same time, he became absorbed in the study of colour theory, which he had been interested in since his student days, and thoroughly read scientific works on light and colour by Chevreul, Charles Brun, Ogden Rood and others. He also studied the diaries and works of Delacroix, and wrote notes to explain the contrasts of colours and the use of complementary colours. The results of this colour analysis were shown in his first major work, Bathers at Asnières. This painting was exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants, which was established in 1884, and this was the opportunity for him to form a friendship with Signac. Following Signac's suggestion, he eliminated all earth tones from his palette, further developed a systematic pointillism technique, and exhibited his large-scale work "A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte," a full-scale implementation of the optical prescription he had pursued up until then, at the last Impressionist exhibition in 1886. This work, along with works by Signac and Pissarro, declared the birth of Neo-Impressionism. Furthermore, he attempted a scientific approach to composition in addition to color theory. In works such as "The Circus Guest" and "The Chaillard," we can see reflections of Charles Henry's experimental psychology and physiological theories, which explored the expressive possibilities of not only color but also line and movement. He died in Paris on March 29, 1891, at the age of 31, due to acute diphtheria, without completing his large-scale work "The Circus." [Tatsuji Omori] "Seurat" by Pierre Courtillon, translated by Chuji Ikegami (1969, Bijutsu Shuppansha)" ▽ "Shincho Bijutsu Bunko 32 Seurat" by Yoshiaki Inui (1974, Shinchosha)" ▽ "Masters of the Impressionists 10 Seurat" by Louis Hautecourt, translated by Mitsuhiko Kuroe (1976, Shogakukan)" [References] | | | |1884-1886 Oil painting , owned by the Art Institute of Chicago Seurat's "A Sunday on the Island of La Grande Jatte" 1887-1888 Oil painting , Metropolitan Museum of Art Seurat's "The Circus Guest" Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
新印象主義を代表するフランスの画家。12月2日パリの富裕な家庭に生まれる。1875年に彫刻家ジュスタン・ルキアンについて素描を学ぶ。3年後エコール・デ・ボザールに入学、アングルの弟子アンリ・レーマンの指導を受けるが、翌79年に退学。1年間兵役としてブレストで過ごしたのち、パリに戻って素描に励み、ミレーを思わせる人物像や風景などを、滑らかな画肌をもった薄明のなかに描き出す。同時に、学生時代から関心を抱いていた色彩学の研究に熱中し、シュブルール、シャルル・ブラン、オグデン・ルードなどの光と色彩に関する科学的著作を熟読、また、ドラクロワの日記や作品を研究し、その色彩の対比や補色の使用を解明するノートを作成する。こうした色彩分析の成果は最初の大作『アニエールの水浴』において示された。この絵は84年に設立されたアンデパンダン展に出品され、これを機にシニャックと親交を結んだ。シニャックの示唆によりあらゆる土色の色調をパレットから排除し、さらにシステマティックな点描法を発展させて、これまで追求してきた光学的処方の全面的な実践である大作『グランド・ジャット島の日曜日の午後』を86年の最後の印象派展に出品した。これはシニャックやピサロらの作品とともに新印象主義の誕生を宣言するものであった。さらに彼は色彩理論に加えて構図に対しても科学的なアプローチを試みた。『サーカスの客寄せ』や『シャユ踊り』などの作品のなかには、色彩のみならず線や運動の表現的可能性を探究したシャルル・アンリの実験心理学や生理学の理論の反映が認められる。急性のジフテリアにより91年3月29日、大作『サーカス』を未完のまま31歳でパリに没した。 [大森達次] 『ピエール・クルティヨン著、池上忠治訳『スーラ』(1969・美術出版社)』▽『乾由明著『新潮美術文庫32 スーラ』(1974・新潮社)』▽『ルイ・オートクール著、黒江光彦訳『印象派の巨匠たち10 スーラ』(1976・小学館)』 [参照項目] | | | |1884~1886年 油彩シカゴ美術研究所所蔵"> スーラ『グランド・ジャット島の日曜日の… 1887~1888年 油彩メトロポリタン美術館所蔵"> スーラ『サーカスの客寄せ』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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