Sulla Felix, Lucius Cornelius

Japanese: スラ（英語表記）Sulla Felix， Lucius Cornelius

[Birth] 138
[Died] 78 BC. Puteoli was an ancient Roman general and politician. He was a representative of the optimates (optimates) faction. He was of lower patrician (aristocratic) origin. In 107 BC, under the consul G. Marius, he defeated the Numidian king Jugurtha and fought against the Germanic peoples. In 92 BC, he invaded the East as governor of Cilicia, and as Sulla's fame grew, he aroused the jealousy of the popular (popular) Marius, and they became violently opposed to each other. He also played an active role in the League Wars, defeating the Samnites and earning a reputation for himself, and was elected consul in 88 BC. He was given command of the campaign against Mithradates VI, King of Pontus, by the Senate, but when the democratic tribune (tribunus plebis) P. Sulpicius Rufus, who allied with Marius, gave command to Marius, he fled Rome, joined his own troops in Campania, marched to Rome with six legions, killed Sulpicius, and pursued Marius. After passing laws to suppress the tribune's powers, he went east and occupied Athens (86 BC), but the situation in Italy became unstable and he compromised with Mithradates. On his return, he fought fiercely with the democratic faction, defeated L. Cinna and others, and in 82 BC won the war and massacred his opponents. He called himself Felix the Lucky One. He was dictator (dictator) in 82 BC, and dictator and consul in 80 BC. He strengthened the power of the Senate, enacted laws aimed at reforming the aristocratic system (the Cornelian Laws), and granted his army lands in Italy after it was disbanded. In 79 BC he resigned as dictator and retired to Campania, a decision that caused a great stir at the time and is still a topic of debate to this day.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]前138
[没]前78. プテオリ
古代ローマの将軍，政治家。閥族派 (オプチマテス ) の代表。下級パトリキ (貴族) の出。前 107年執政官 (コンスル ) G.マリウスのもとでヌミディア王ユグルタを破り，ゲルマン人と戦った。前 92年キリキア総督として東方遠征，スラの名声が高まるにつれ民衆派 (ポプラレス ) のマリウスのねたみを買い，以後激しく対立。同盟市戦争でも活躍し，サムニウム人を破って功名をあげ，前 88年執政官に選ばれた。元老院からポントス王ミトラダテス6世征討の指揮権を与えられたが，マリウスと組んだ民衆派の護民官 (トリブヌス・プレビス ) P.スルピキウス・ルフスが指揮権をマリウスに与えたため，ローマを逃れて，カンパニアの自分の軍隊と合流，6個軍団を率いてローマに進軍，スルピキウスを殺し，マリウスを追った。護民官権限を押える諸法を成立させたのち，東方へ向いアテネを占領した (前 86) が，イタリア情勢が不安となりミトラダテスと妥協，帰国して民衆派と激しく争い，L.キンナらを倒し，前 82年に勝利を握り反対者の虐殺を行なった。みずから幸運者 Felixと称した。前 82年独裁官 (ディクタトル ) ，前 80年独裁官と執政官を兼任。元老院権限を強化し，貴族政による制度改革を目指す諸法を制定 (コルネリウス諸法) ，またみずからの軍隊に，その解散後イタリアの土地を与えた。前 79年独裁官を辞しカンパニアに引退。この引退は当時大きな波紋を引起し，今日まで議論の対象となっている。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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