American electrical engineer and inventor. Born in Milford, Connecticut. He entered the Naval Academy, where he became interested in electrical technology and studied a special course in physics. After serving on a ship, he became an assistant to Edison in 1883. The following year, in 1884, he founded the Sprague Electric Railroad and Engine Company (later absorbed into General Electric Company) and manufactured electric motors. In 1887, he ran the first electric train using trolley poles in Richmond, Virginia. He also invented a high-speed automatic electric elevator device and a system for equipping trains with many electric motors and appropriately controlling them to adjust the speed. He also developed a system for high-voltage direct current electric railways, automatic electric signals, and brake control systems for railway vehicles, and is known as the father of electric railways. He has been awarded many prizes for his inventions and developments in electrical technology, including the Gold Medal at the Paris World's Fair (1889), the Edison Medal (1910), and the Franklin Medal (1921). He was also an enthusiastic advocate of the Underground Railroad. [Shoji Matsuzawa] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの電気技術者、発明家。コネティカット州ミルフォードに生まれる。海軍兵学校に入学、そこで電気技術に興味をもち、物理学の特別コースで学ぶ。乗艦勤務ののち、1883年エジソンの助手となる。翌1884年スプレーグ電気鉄道・原動機会社(のちにゼネラル・エレクトリック社に吸収)を設立し電動機を製作。1887年バージニア州リッチモンドで、初めてトロリーポールによる集電式電車を走らせた。また高速度自動電気エレベーター装置の考案や、電車に多くの電動機を設備しこれに適切な制御をして速度を加減する方式も発明。また直流高圧電気鉄道のシステム、自動電気信号機や鉄道車両のブレーキ制御方式を発展させるなど、数多くの考案や発明があり、電気鉄道の父とよばれている。彼の電気技術の発明・発展の功績に対しパリ万国博覧会の金メダル(1889)、エジソンメダル(1910)、フランクリンメダル(1921)など数多くの賞が贈られている。また地下鉄道の熱心な提唱者でもあった。 [松澤正二] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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